Entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad versus entrenamiento continuo moderado en la rehabilitación cardiaca: Revisión Sistemática y Meta-análisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v63.110286Palabras clave:
Entrenamiento, enfermedad cardiovascular, nivel físico, falla cardiacaResumen
El Entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad (HIIT) y el Entrenamiento Continuo Moderado (MCT) son estrategias ampliamente empleadas en la rehabilitación de enfermedades cardiovasculares, con diferencias en sus mecanismos fisiológicos y potenciales beneficios. Objetivos: Este estudio buscó identificar la dosis más efectiva de HIIT y MCT para optimizar el entrenamiento en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) y evaluar el impacto del HIIT en el Vo2max. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios aleatorios controlados entre 2010 y 2024 en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane y Web of Science. Se incluyeron 16 estudios que compararon los efectos de HIIT y MCT en el Vo2max y otros resultados clínicos. Resultados: Los análisis se realizaron mediante un modelo de efectos aleatorios, encontrando una diferencia de medias estandarizada promedio de 0,41 (IC 95%: 0,12 a 0,70), lo que indica un efecto positivo moderado a favor de HIIT (t( 15) = 3,05, p = 0,008). Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad entre estudios fue significativa (I² = 69,5%; Q(15) = 45,10, p < 0,0001). Estos resultados sugieren que el HIIT podría ser más eficaz que el MCT para mejorar el Vo2max en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca. Conclusiones: Aunque los resultados son prometedores, la variabilidad entre estudios subraya la necesidad de un enfoque individualizado en la prescripción de ejercicio para optimizar los beneficios en programas de rehabilitación cardíaca.
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