Adaptaciones metabolicas y cardiacas durante un protocolo de fuerza en el umbral anaerobico durante 8 semanas (Metabolic and cardiac adaptations during a strength protocol at the anaerobic threshold over 8 weeks)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.103654Palabras clave:
Salud, Condición Física. Pronostico. Fuerza muscular. Adulto, Health, Physical Condition. Forecast. Muscular strength. Adult.Resumen
Introducción: La fuerza se considera un parámetro crítico para la salud y el rendimiento físico, y existen diversas metodologías para su desarrollo. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, no se han descrito protocolos asociados al umbral anaeróbico y sus efectos agudos. Objetivos: El estudio tiene como objetivo determinar los efectos agudos de un programa de fuerza consistente en la realización de cuatro ejercicios durante 8 semanas a nivel del umbral anaeróbico en el fitness cardiorrespiratorio, fuerza muscular y metabolismo energético. Materiales y Métodos: Quince participantes, con edad promedio de 35.5±4 años, estatura de 1.78±0.09 metros y peso de 72.1±12.9 kg, fueron seleccionados a través de muestreo probabilístico. Se realizaron 3 evaluaciones, incluyendo Vo2máx, antropometría y una prueba de fuerza hasta el umbral anaeróbico en cuatro ejercicios, con toma de muestra de lactato en cada intento. La carga asociada al umbral anaerobio se utilizó como intensidad específica para implementar un programa de entrenamiento de tres días por ocho semanas. Resultados: Los resultados indican que el programa de entrenamiento en el umbral anaeróbico no solo mejora la fuerza muscular, sino que también tiene un impacto positivo en la salud cardiovascular, la composición corporal y los marcadores metabólicos, respaldando su eficacia como estrategia integral para mejorar la salud y el rendimiento físico. Conclusiones: Este estudio resalta la efectividad del programa de entrenamiento de 8 semanas basado en el umbral anaeróbico en mejorar la salud general y el rendimiento físico de los participantes.
Palabras clave: Salud, Condición Física, Pronóstico, Fuerza Muscular, Adulto.
Abstract. Introduction: Strength is considered a critical parameter for health and physical performance, and there are various methodologies for its development. However, to date, protocols associated with the anaerobic threshold and its acute effects have not been described. Objectives: The study aims to determine the acute effects of a strength program consisting of performing four exercises for 8 weeks at the anaerobic threshold level on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and energy metabolism. Materials and Methods: Fifteen participants, with an average age of 35.5±4 years, height of 1.78±0.09 meters, and weight of 72.1±12.9 kg, were selected through probabilistic sampling. Three evaluations were conducted, including Vo2max, anthropometry, and a strength test to the anaerobic threshold in four exercises, with lactate sampling at each attempt. The load associated with the anaerobic threshold was used as specific intensity to implement a three-day training program for eight weeks. Results: The results indicate that the training program at the anaerobic threshold not only improves muscular strength but also has a positive impact on cardiovascular health, body composition, and metabolic markers, supporting its effectiveness as a comprehensive strategy to improve health and physical performance. Conclusions: This study highlights the effectiveness of the 8-week training program based on the anaerobic threshold in improving the overall health and physical performance of participants.
Keywords: Health, Physical Fitness, Forecasting, Muscular Strength, Adult.
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