Actividades al aire libre y entornos al aire libre para la forma física y la salud mental: una revisión sistemática (Outdoor activities and outdoor environments for fitness and mental health: a systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.108730Palabras clave:
Physical activity, outdoor activity, fitness, mental healthResumen
Las actividades al aire libre y los entornos exteriores han sido reconocidos como factores importantes para favorecer la forma física y la salud mental. Este estudio pretende revisar la bibliografía existente sobre los efectos de las actividades al aire libre y los entornos al aire libre en la forma física y la salud mental mediante un método de revisión sistemática. Los trastornos de salud mental son una de las principales causas de discapacidad a nivel mundial, mientras que la forma física es importante para realizar actividades sin fatiga significativa. Varios estudios han demostrado que la actividad física proporciona beneficios significativos para el bienestar físico, emocional y psicológico. La estrategia de búsqueda utilizó las bases de datos Science Direct, Pubmed y Scopus siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. La búsqueda arrojó 4.917 publicaciones, pero tras el proceso de selección, sólo siete artículos cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Los estudios analizados también mostraron que la práctica regular de actividades al aire libre puede contribuir a mejorar la forma física, incluido el aumento de la fuerza muscular y la forma cardiovascular. En cuanto a la salud mental, las actividades al aire libre se asocian a una reducción de los niveles de ansiedad y depresión, así como a un aumento de la confianza en uno mismo y de la satisfacción vital. Esta investigación pone de relieve la importancia de diseñar y poner en práctica programas de acondicionamiento físico que aprovechen el entorno al aire libre, así como de animar a la gente a realizar actividades al aire libre con regularidad. El estudio también destaca la importancia de las intervenciones basadas en la naturaleza para mejorar la forma física y la salud mental de adultos y adolescentes. Estas conclusiones proporcionan una base para que los responsables políticos y los profesionales de la salud promuevan el uso de entornos al aire libre como medio para mejorar la forma física y la salud mental. Los resultados pueden servir de base para desarrollar estrategias eficaces de promoción de la salud mediante interacciones con la naturaleza.
Palabras clave: Actividad física, actividad al aire libre, forma física, salud mental
Abstract. Outdoor activities and outdoor environments have been recognized as important factors in supporting fitness and mental health. This study aims to review the existing literature on the effects of outdoor activities and outdoor environments on fitness and mental health through a systematic review method. Mental health disorders are a leading cause of global disability, while physical fitness is important for activities without significant fatigue. Several studies have shown that physical activity provides significant benefits to physical, emotional and psychological well-being. The search strategy used Science Direct, Pubmed, and Scopus databases following PRISMA guidelines. The search yielded 4,917 publications, but after the selection process, only seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The studies analyzed also showed that regular engagement in outdoor activities can contribute to improved physical fitness, including increased muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness. In terms of mental health, outdoor activities are associated with reduced levels of anxiety and depression, as well as increased self-confidence and life satisfaction. This research highlights the importance of designing and implementing fitness programs that take advantage of the outdoor environment, as well as encouraging people to engage in regular outdoor activities. The study also highlights the importance of outdoor nature-based interventions to improve fitness and mental health in adults and adolescents. These conclusions provide a basis for policy makers and health practitioners to promote the use of outdoor environments as a means to improve fitness and mental health. The findings can serve as a basis for developing effective health promotion strategies through interactions with nature.
Keywords: Physical activity, outdoor activity, fitness, mental health
Citas
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