Entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad y Demandas Fisiológicas en Tenistas en Silla de Ruedas: Un Estudio Pilot (High-Intensity Interval Training and Physiological Demands in Wheelchair Tennis Players: A Pilot Study)

Autores/as

  • Francesca Latino Università Telematica Pegaso
  • Rosabel Martinez-Roig University of Alicante https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-0892
  • Nugroho Susanto Universitas Negeri Padang (Indonesia)
  • Hendra Setyawan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (Indonesia)
  • Khoiril Anam Universitas Negeri Semarang (Indonesia) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2518-1592
  • Emma Saraiello University oF Napoly Parthenope
  • Francesco Tafuri Niccolò Cusano University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.107485

Palabras clave:

fisiología; ejercicio; deporte; lesiones medulares; aptitud cardiorrespiratoria

Resumen

El tenis en silla de ruedas es un deporte dinámico que requiere una mezcla de velocidad, agilidad, rapidez, fuerza, potencia y resistencia. Un atleta no solo requiere estos atributos, sino que también debe mantener un alto nivel de rendimiento durante una temporada prolongada. En consecuencia, los ajustes en la programación son esenciales para mejorar la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, la fuerza de la parte superior del cuerpo y la competencia de agilidad de una manera que incorpore características intermitentes. Un enfoque viable es la utilización de la metodología de entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT). Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar las alteraciones en la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, la fuerza musculoesquelética y la competencia de agilidad entre los atletas de tenis en silla de ruedas que siguen un régimen HIIT. En el estudio participaron 30 tenistas en silla de ruedas con lesiones medulares de entre 19 y 28 años. Se dividieron en un grupo experimental, que participó en un programa HIIT [EG, n = 15], y un grupo de control, que se adhirió a un régimen de entrenamiento estándar [CG, n = 15]. Todos los participantes se sometieron a evaluaciones antropométricas, la prueba yo-yo en silla de ruedas y la evaluación de agarre manual. Los resultados mostraron una interacción significativa de Tiempo x Grupo para la prueba yo-yo y la evaluación de la prensión manual, lo que indica una marcada mejoría en el grupo de intervención (p < 0,001). No se observaron cambios sustanciales en el grupo control. Como resultado, podría afirmarse que que la inclusión de un protocolo HIIT en el régimen de entrenamiento diario conduce a una influencia positiva significativa en la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, la fuerza musculoesquelética y las capacidades de agilidad de los tenistas en silla de ruedas.

Palabras clave: fisiología; ejercicio; deporte; lesiones medulares; aptitud cardiorrespiratoria.

El tenis en silla de ruedas es un deporte dinámico que requiere una mezcla de velocidad, agilidad, rapidez, fuerza, potencia y resistencia. Un atleta no solo requiere estos atributos, sino que también debe mantener un alto nivel de rendimiento durante una temporada prolongada. En consecuencia, los ajustes en la programación son esenciales para mejorar la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, la fuerza de la parte superior del cuerpo y la competencia de agilidad de una manera que incorpore características intermitentes. Un enfoque viable es la utilización de la metodología de entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT). Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar las alteraciones en la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, la fuerza musculoesquelética y la competencia de agilidad entre los atletas de tenis en silla de ruedas que siguen un régimen HIIT. En el estudio participaron 30 tenistas en silla de ruedas con lesiones medulares de entre 19 y 28 años. Se dividieron en un grupo experimental, que participó en un programa HIIT [EG, n = 15], y un grupo de control, que se adhirió a un régimen de entrenamiento estándar [CG, n = 15]. Todos los participantes se sometieron a evaluaciones antropométricas, la prueba yo-yo en silla de ruedas y la evaluación de agarre manual. Los resultados mostraron una interacción significativa de Tiempo x Grupo para la prueba yo-yo y la evaluación de la prensión manual, lo que indica una marcada mejoría en el grupo de intervención (p < 0,001). No se observaron cambios sustanciales en el grupo control. Como resultado, podría afirmarse que que la inclusión de un protocolo HIIT en el régimen de entrenamiento diario conduce a una influencia positiva significativa en la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, la fuerza musculoesquelética y las capacidades de agilidad de los tenistas en silla de ruedas.

Palabras clave: fisiología; ejercicio; deporte; lesiones medulares; aptitud cardiorrespiratoria.

Abstract. Wheelchair Tennis is a dynamic sport that necessitates a blend of speed, agility, quickness, strength, power, and endurance. An athlete not only requires these attributes but also must maintain a high-performance level throughout an extended season. Consequently, adjustments in programming are essential to enhance cardiorespiratory capacity, upper-body strength, and agility proficiency in a manner that incorporates intermittent features. One viable approach is the utilization of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) methodology. Consequently, the aim of this research was to evaluate the alterations in cardiorespiratory fitness, musculoskeletal strength, and agility proficiency among wheelchair tennis athletes following a HIIT regimen. The study involved 30 wheelchair tennis players with spinal cord injuries aged between 19 and 28 years. They were divided into an experimental group, which participated in a HIIT program [EG, n = 15], and a control group, which adhered to a standard training regimen [CG, n = 15]. All participants underwent anthropometric assessments, the wheelchair yo-yo test, and hand grip evaluation. The results displayed a significant Time x Group interaction for the yo-yo test and hand grip evaluation, indicating a marked improvement in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Conversely, no substantial changes were observed in the control group. Therefore, it could be claimed that that the inclusion of a HIIT protocol in the daily training regime leads to a significant positive influence on the cardiorespiratory fitness, musculoskeletal strength, and agility capabilities of wheelchair tennis players.

Key words: physiology; exercise; sport; spinal cord injuries; cardiorespiratory fitness

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Publicado

2024-06-27

Cómo citar

Latino, F., Martinez-Roig, R., Susanto, N. ., Setyawan, H. ., Anam, K., Saraiello, E., & Tafuri, F. (2024). Entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad y Demandas Fisiológicas en Tenistas en Silla de Ruedas: Un Estudio Pilot (High-Intensity Interval Training and Physiological Demands in Wheelchair Tennis Players: A Pilot Study). Retos, 58, 238–246. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.107485

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