Análisis del Riesgo de Lesiones en Estudiantes de la Academia de Fútbol: Una revisión de las puntuaciones de las pruebas de movimiento funcional y los datos demográficos (Injury Risk Analysis of Soccer Academy Students: A Review of Functional Movement Screen Scores and Demographic Data)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.105955Palabras clave:
Lesión deportiva, FMS, IMC, Entrenamiento, Academia de fútbol, Fútbol, medicina del deporteResumen
Las intensas actividades diarias de los estudiantes de la academia de fútbol del SPSS pueden provocar una fatiga excesiva, que puede disminuir la calidad física y causar lesiones. Este estudio pretende analizar el nivel de riesgo de lesión de los alumnos de la academia de fútbol mediante la revisión de las puntuaciones de FMS y los datos demográficos. Este estudio empleó un método de investigación observacional descriptivo. Los datos de la investigación se recogieron mediante pruebas y mediciones. Setenta y dos estudiantes varones de academias de fútbol participaron en este estudio con los siguientes datos: edad media 15±2,1 años, IMC 19,8±2,1 kg/m² y DT 1,2±0,1 años. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir del instrumento FMS y de pruebas de talla y peso. A continuación se analizaron mediante estadísticas descriptivas. Los resultados de la puntuación FMS mostraron que los sujetos de entre 14 y 17 años presentaban un mayor riesgo de lesión en la categoría moderada. En cuanto al IMC, las puntuaciones del FMS mostraron que los sujetos con un alto riesgo de lesión se encontraban uno en la categoría de peso inferior al normal, nueve en la categoría de peso normal y uno en la categoría de obesidad de grado 1. Este estudio concluye que, basándose en los datos demográficos, los alumnos de la academia del SPSS del grupo de edad de 14 años tienen más probabilidades de sufrir lesiones que los alumnos del grupo de edad de 16 y 17 años. Además, se concluye que los estudiantes de la academia SPSS con un IMC medio se encuentran en la categoría de peso normal, teniendo los sujetos estudiantes de la academia SPSS un riesgo moderado de sufrir lesiones. Según la duración del entrenamiento, la mayoría de los estudiantes de la academia de SPSS tienen entre 1 y 3 años, y el mayor riesgo de lesión se encuentra en la categoría de riesgo moderado. Se espera que en futuras investigaciones se elijan sujetos de investigación con IMC en la categoría de obesos y de otros grupos de edad.
Palabras clave: Lesión deportiva, FMS, IMC, Entrenamiento, Academia de fútbol, Fútbol, Medicina deportiva.
Abstract. The intense daily activities of students at the SPSS soccer academy can lead to excessive fatigue, which can decrease physical quality and cause injury. This study aims to analyze the level of injury risk of soccer academy students by reviewing FMS scores and demographic data. This study employed a descriptive observational research method. Research data were collected using tests and measurements. Seventy-two male soccer academy students participated in this study with the following details: mean age 15±2.1 years, BMI 19.8±2.1 kg/m², and TD 1.2±0.1 years. The data were obtained from the FMS instrument and height and weight tests. They were then analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the FMS score showed that subjects aged 14-17 years were most at risk of injury in the moderate category. In terms of BMI, the FMS scores showed that subjects at a high risk of injury were one in the underweight category, nine in the normal weight category, and one in the obesity grade 1 category. This study concludes that, based on demographic data, SPSS academy students in the age group of 14 years are more likely to experience injuries than students in the age group of 16 and 17 years. Furthermore, it is concluded that SPSS academy students with an average BMI are in the normal weight category, with SPSS academy student subjects having a moderate risk of injury. Based on the length of training, most SPSS academy students have 1-3 years, with the most risk of injury in the moderate risk category. Future research is expected to choose research subjects with BMI in the obese category and from various other age groups.
Keywords: Sport Injury, FMS, BMI, Training, Soccer Academy, Football, Sports Medicine.
Citas
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