Desarrollo integral de las cualidades físicas de los futbolistas en el período preparatorio (Comprehensive development of physical qualities of football players in the preparatory period)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.105912Palabras clave:
Calidad física; Fútbol; Juventud; Etapa preparatoria; EntrenamientoResumen
. La solución al problema de desarrollar las cualidades físicas de los jóvenes futbolistas se puede obtener mediante la introducción de ejercicios físicos generales durante el período preparatorio de entrenamiento. El objetivo es documentar el aumento del nivel de condición física de los jóvenes futbolistas debido a un entrenamiento específico. En el estudio participaron 44 jugadores de fútbol masculinos de entre 12 y 13 años que participaron en la sección de fútbol del Dynamo de Moscú. La investigación se realizó del 12 de enero al 28 de marzo de 2022. Se administraron las siguientes pruebas: correr 30 m, carrera lanzadera, salto de longitud, dominadas en el travesaño, prueba de 6 minutos (corriendo) e inclinación hacia adelante. El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando el software estadístico SPSS 20.0. El estudio se realizó durante 11 semanas. Los niños del CG participaron en el programa habitual de lecciones de 90 minutos para jugadores de fútbol de escuelas deportivas. Los niños en el EG realizaron varios ejercicios físicos para desarrollar ciertas cualidades físicas. Los resultados mostraron que con respecto a las comparaciones pre a post, para los grupos experimental y control, se registraron mejores resultados después en comparación con el preentrenamiento para correr 30 m (p < 0,001 y p=0,017, respectivamente), carrera de lanzadera (ambos p<0,001), salto de longitud (ambos p < 0,001), dominadas (ambos p<0,001), prueba de 6min (ambos p < 0,001) e inclinarse hacia adelante (ambos p < 0,001). En cuanto a las comparaciones en el postentrenamiento entre los dos grupos, el grupo experimental arrojó mejores rendimientos que el control en carrera lanzadera( p < 0,001), salto de longitud (p<0,001) e inclinación hacia adelante (p = 0,018), así como para el cambio delta (es decir, la diferencia entre pre y post para cada grupo) en la prueba de carrera de 30 m (p<0,001) y 6 min (p<0,001). Después de que los atletas del grupo experimental realizaron un conjunto especial de ejercicios físicos para desarrollar cualidades físicas, su rendimiento mejoró significativamente. Esto indica la efectividad de las herramientas y métodos utilizados para desarrollar cualidades físicas.
Palabras clave: Calidad física; Fútbol; Juventud; Etapa preparatoria; Entrenamiento.
Abstract. The solution to the issue of developing the physical qualities of young football players can be obtained through the introduction of general physical exercises during the preparatory period of training. The objective is to document the increase in the level of physical fitness of young football players due to specific training. T The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 statistical software. The study was conducted for 11 weeks. The children from the CG were engaged in the usual 90-minute lesson program for football players of sports schools. The children in the EG performed various physical exercises to develop certain physical qualities. Results showed that regarding pre-to-post comparisons, for experimental and control groups, better results were recorded after compared with pre-training for running 30 m (p<0.001and p=0.017, respectively), shuttle running (both p<0.001), long jump (both p<0.001), pull-up (both p<0.001), 6min test (both p<0.001) and leaning forward (both p<0.001). Concerning comparisons at post-training between the two groups, the experimental group resulted in better performances than the control in shuttle running (p<0.001), long jump (p<0.001) and leaning forward (p=0.018) as well as for delta change (i.e., the difference between pre and post for each group) in the running 30 m (p<0.001) and 6min test (p<0.001). After athletes from the experimental group performed a special set of physical exercises to develop physical qualities, their performance improved significantly. This indicates the effectiveness of the tools and methods used to develop physical qualities.
Keywords: Physical quality; Football; Youth; Preparatory stage; Training.
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