Efectos de un programa de entrenamiento físico de coordinación motriz sobre la condición física de niños rusos de 9 a 10 años: Ensayo Controlado Aleatorizado (Effects of a motor coordination physical training program on the physical condition of Russian chil-dren aged 9 to 10 years. Randomized Controlled Trial)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.104501Palabras clave:
Habilidad Motriz, Trastornos de la Habilidad Motora, Aptitud Física, Educación y Entrenamiento Físico, NiñoResumen
Introducción: La coordinación motriz es una habilidad fundamental durante la infancia, dado su papel determinante en el desarrollo de diversas cualidades físicas a lo largo del crecimiento humano. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de un programa de coordinación motriz sobre la condición física general de estudiantes rusos de 9 a 10 años. Material y Métodos: Ensayo controlado, paralelo y aleatorizado con cegado simple llevado a cabo en la escuela secundaria n.° 52, entre el 6 de septiembre de 2022 hasta el 18 de mayo de 2023. Participaron 62 niños de tercer grado. Aquellos asignados al grupo experimental se sometieron a sesiones de tareas de coordinación motriz dos veces por semana, cada una con una duración de 40 minutos. La evaluación de su condición física se realizó mediante pruebas específicas, incluyendo "Throwing the ball," "3 x 10m Shuttle run," "Forward somersaults," y "Stand on one leg." El análisis estadístico, empleó la prueba t de Student, siendo determinado el tamaño del efecto mediante la 'd' de Cohen. Resultados: En comparación con el grupo control, el grupo experimental exhibió un incremento significativo en las pruebas de "Throwing the ball" (9.1%; p <0.05; d = 0.57), "3 x 10m Shuttle run" (14%; p <0.05; d = 3.79), "Forward somersaults" (17.7%; p <0.05; d = 2.46), y "Stand on one leg" (8.4%; p <0.05; d = 0.83). Conclusión: Se concluye que la implementación de un programa de ejercicios físicos enfocados en la coordinación motriz puede generar mejoras significativas en la condición física general.
Palabras clave: Habilidad Motriz, Trastornos de la Habilidad Motora, Aptitud Física, Educación y Entrenamiento Física, Niño.
Abstract. Background: Motor coordination is a fundamental skill during childhood, given its decisive role in the development of various physical qualities throughout human growth. Objective: To analyze the effects of a motor coordination program on the overall physical condition of Russian students aged 9 to 10 years. Materials and Methods: A controlled, parallel, and randomized single-blind trial was conducted at secondary school No. 52, from September 6, 2022, to May 18, 2023. Sixty-two third-grade children participated. Those assigned to the experimental group underwent motor coordination task sessions twice a week, each lasting 40 minutes. The assessment of their physical condition was conducted through specific tests, including "Throwing the ball," "3 x 10m Shuttle run," "Forward somersaults," and "Stand on one leg." Statistical analysis used the Student's t-test, with the effect size determined by Cohen's 'd.' Results: In comparison with the control group, the experimental group exhibited a significant increase in the tests of "Throwing the ball" (9.1%; p <0.05; d = 0.57), "3 x 10m Shuttle run" (14%; p <0.05; d = 3.79), "Forward somersaults" (17.7%; p <0.05; d = 2.46), and "Stand on one leg" (8.4%; p <0.05; d = 0.83). Conclusion: It is concluded that the implementation of a physical exercise program focused on motor coordination can generate significant improvements in overall physical condition.
Keywords: Motor Skills, Motor Skills Disorders, Physical Fitness, Physical Education and Training, Child.
Citas
Arai, T., Fujita, H., Maruya, K., Morita, Y., Asahi, R., & Ishibashi, H. (2020). The one-leg portion of the Stand-Up Test predicts fall risk in aged individuals: A prospective cohort study. Journal of orthopaedic science: official journal of the japanese orthopaedic association, 25(4), 688–692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jos.2019.06.014
Barnett, L. M., Lai, S. K., Veldman, S. L. C., Hardy, L. L., Cliff, D. P., Morgan, P. J., Zask, A., Lubans, D. R., Shultz, S. P., Ridgers, N. D., Rush, E., Brown, H. L., & Okely, A. D. (2016). Correlates of Gross Motor Compe-tence in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports medicine, 46(11), 1663–1688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0495-z
Beller, R., Bennstein, S. B., & Götte, M. (2021). Effects of Exercise Interventions on Immune Function in Children and Adolescents With Cancer and HSCT Recipients - A Systematic Review. Frontiers in immunology, 12, 746171. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.746171
Chen, M.J., Fan, X., & Moe, S.T. (2002). Criterion-related validity of the Borg ratings of perceived exertion scale in healthy individuals: a meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Science, 20(11):873-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102320761787
Cheng, Y. T. Y., Wong, T. K. S., Tsang, W. W. N., Schooling, C. M., Fong, S. S. M., Fong, D. Y. T., Gao, Y., & Chung, J. W. Y. (2019). Neuromuscular training for children with developmental coordination disorder: A ran-domized controlled trial. Medicine, 98(45), e17946. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000017946
Chia, L. C., Licari, M. K., Guelfi, K. J., & Reid, S. L. (2013). A comparison of running kinematics and kinetics in chil-dren with and without developmental coordination disorder. Gait & posture, 38(2), 264–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.11.028
Drozdowska, A., Jendrusch, G., Platen, P., Lücke, T., Kersting, M., & Sinningen, K. (2022). Dose-Related Effects of Endurance, Strength and Coordination Training on Executive Functions in School-Aged Children: A Systematic Re-view. Children, 9(11), 1651. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9111651
Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psycho-logical and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: informing development of a con-ceptual model of health through sport. International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 10, 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-98
Fuentes-Barría H, Aguilera-Eguía R, & González-Wong C. (2021). Motor skills, physical qualities and sensitive peri-ods in the development schoolchildren. Andes pediátrica, 92(6):983-984. https://doi.org/10.32641/andespediatr.v92i6.4101
Fuentes-Barría, H., Urbano-Cerda, S., Aguilera-Eguía, R., Vera-Aguirre, V., González-Wong, C. (2022). Efectos de 4 semanas de entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad sobre el balance autonómico en adultos confinados por COVID-19. Journal of Sport and Health Research. 14(3):503-510.
Garber, C. E., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M. R., Franklin, B. A., Lamonte, M. J., Lee, I. M., Nieman, D. C., Swain, D. P., & American College of Sports Medicine (2011). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 43(7), 1334–1359. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb
Gourgoulis, V., Aggeloussis, N., Boli, A., Michalopoulou, M., Toubekis, A., Kasimatis, P., Vezos, N., Mavridis, G., Antoniou, P., & Mavrommatis, G. (2013). Inter-arm coordination and intra-cyclic variation of the hip velocity dur-ing front crawl resisted swimming. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 53(6), 612–619.
Han, A., Fu, A., Cobley, S., & Sanders, R. H. (2018). Effectiveness of exercise intervention on improving fundamental movement skills and motor coordination in overweight/obese children and adolescents: A systematic review. Jour-nal of science and medicine in sport, 21(1), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.07.001
Hartmann, H., Wirth, K., Keiner, M., Mickel, C., Sander, A., & Szilvas, E. (2015). Short-term Periodization Models: Effects on Strength and Speed-strength Performance. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 45(10), 1373–1386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0355-2
Hrysomallis C. (2011). Balance ability and athletic performance. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 41(3), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.2165/11538560-000000000-00000
Hu, D., Zhou, S., Crowley-McHattan, Z. J., & Liu, Z. (2021). Factors That Influence Participation in Physical Activity in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review from the Social Ecological Model Perspective. In-ternational journal of environmental research and public health, 18(6), 3147. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063147
Iermakov, S., Khudolii, O., & Chupikhin, D. (2021). Discriminant Analysis: Impact of the Number of Repetitions on the Effectiveness of Teaching Boys Aged 7 Throwing a Small Ball. Journal of Learning Theory and Methodology, 2(2), 75–81. https://doi.org/10.17309/jltm.2021.2.04
Jayanthi, N. A., Post, E. G., Laury, T. C., & Fabricant, P. D. (2019). Health Consequences of Youth Sport Specializa-tion. Journal of athletic training, 54(10), 1040–1049. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-380-18
Junqueira, D. R., Zorzela, L., Golder, S., Loke, Y., Gagnier, J. J., Julious, S. A., Li, T., Mayo-Wilson, E., Pham, B., Phillips, R., Santaguida, P., Scherer, R. W., Gøtzsche, P. C., Moher, D., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Vohra, S., & CON-SORT Harms Group (2023). CONSORT Harms 2022 statement, explanation, and elaboration: updated guideline for the reporting of harms in randomised trials. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 381, e073725. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-073725
Kainov, A.N., & Kuryerova, G.I. (2019). Working programs. Physical Culture. Grades 1-11. Comprehensive program of physical education of schoolchildren. Russia.
Kim, H. H., An, J. I., & Park, Y. R. (2021). A Prediction Model for Detecting Developmental Disabilities in Pre-school-Age Children Through Digital Biomarker-Driven Deep Learning in Serious Games: Development Study. JMIR serious games, 9(2), e23130. https://doi.org/10.2196/23130
Markovic, G., & Mikulic, P. (2010). Neuro-musculoskeletal and performance adaptations to lower-extremity plyom-etric training. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 40(10), 859–895. https://doi.org/10.2165/11318370-000000000-00000
Mujika, I., Halson, S., Burke, L. M., Balagué, G., & Farrow, D. (2018). An Integrated, Multifactorial Approach to Periodization for Optimal Performance in Individual and Team Sports. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 13(5), 538–561. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0093
Myer, G. D., Jayanthi, N., Difiori, J. P., Faigenbaum, A. D., Kiefer, A. W., Logerstedt, D., & Micheli, L. J. (2015). Sport Specialization, Part I: Does Early Sports Specialization Increase Negative Outcomes and Reduce the Oppor-tunity for Success in Young Athletes?. Sports health, 7(5), 437–442. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738115598747
Polevoy, G., Fuentes-Barría, H., Aguilera Eguía, R., Maureira Sánchez, J., Garrido-Osorio, V., Urbano-Cerda, S. (2024). Efectos de 32 semanas de un programa físico con balón sobre las cualidades físicas en niños rusos de entre 9 a 10 años. Estudio cuasiexperimental no aleatorizado. Retos, 52, 240-245. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.101547
Ribeiro, J., Figueiredo, P., Morais, S., Alves, F., Toussaint, H., Vilas-Boas, J. P., & Fernandes, R. J. (2017). Biome-chanics, energetics and coordination during extreme swimming intensity: effect of performance level. Journal of sports sciences, 35(16), 1614–1621. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1227079
Sklizkov, V., & Baimurzin, A. (2020). Experimental method for developing coordination abilities in 10-14-year-old children engaged in hand-to-hand combat. BIO Web of Conferences, 26, 00076. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202600076
Strzala, M., Krezalek, P., Glab, G., Kaca, M., Ostrowski, A., Stanula, A., & Tyka, A. K. (2013). Intra-cyclic phases of arm-leg movement and index of coordination in relation to sprint breaststroke swimming in young swimmers. Jour-nal of sports science & medicine, 12(4), 690–697.
Sudlow, A., Galantine, P., Vercruyssen, F., Peyrot, N., Raymond, J. J., & Duché, P. (2023). Which Factors Influence Running Gait in Children and Adolescents? A Narrative Review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(5), 4621. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054621
Trecroci, A., Cavaggioni, L., Caccia, R., & Alberti, G. (2015). Jump Rope Training: Balance and Motor Coordination in Preadolescent Soccer Players. Journal of sports science & medicine, 14(4), 792–798
Yin, X., Zhu, R., Shi, X., Cai, G., Jing, C., Pan, Q., & Yang, T. (2023). The effect of rhythm training on the motor coordination abilities of 8-12-year-old freestyle swimmers. PeerJ, 11, e15667. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15667
Yu, J. J., Burnett, A. F., & Sit, C. H. (2018). Motor Skill Interventions in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 99(10), 2076–2099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2017.12.009
Wang, Z. H., Pan, R. C., Huang, M. R., & Wang, D. (2022). Effects of Integrative Neuromuscular Training Com-bined With Regular Tennis Training Program on Sprint and Change of Direction of Children. Frontiers in physiology, 13, 831248. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.831248
Wilson, J. M., Marin, P. J., Rhea, M. R., Wilson, S. M., Loenneke, J. P., & Anderson, J. C. (2012). Concurrent train-ing: a meta-analysis examining interference of aerobic and resistance exercises. Journal of strength and conditioning re-search, 26(8), 2293–2307. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31823a3e2d
World Medical Association (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191–2194. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.281053
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Retos
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
