Descubriendo la ciencia de la resistencia física: técnicas de entrenamiento y factores biológicos (Unlocking the Science of Physical Endurance: Training Techniques and Biological Factors)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.105072Palabras clave:
Endurance Performance, University Students, Psychological ResilienceResumen
Este estudio examina los muchos elementos que influyen en el rendimiento de resistencia en estudiantes universitarios, incluidas las rutinas de entrenamiento, la fortaleza psicológica, las tendencias hereditarias y los ajustes ambientales. Se recogieron datos de 38 estudiantes universitarios que practicaban deportes de resistencia mediante una metodología descriptiva. Los resultados revelan un compromiso significativo con el entrenamiento de resistencia, ya que los individuos suelen participar en cuatro sesiones por semana, cada una de las cuales dura alrededor de 60 minutos. La resiliencia psicológica juega un papel importante: el 82% de los participantes muestra fuertes niveles de motivación intrínseca y el 74% muestra fortaleza mental para superar obstáculos. El 37% de los participantes tiene antecedentes familiares de rendimiento de resistencia, mientras que el 29% está interesado en las pruebas genéticas, lo que muestra opiniones diferentes sobre los efectos hereditarios en el rendimiento. Los resultados de rendimiento se ven muy afectados por las condiciones ambientales, como el entrenamiento en altitud (42%) y la aclimatación al calor (63%), que son tácticas utilizadas con frecuencia. Los exámenes fisiológicos muestran un VO2 máx promedio de 50 ml/kg/min, junto con una composición de fibras musculares compuesta por un 55% de fibras de contracción lenta y un 45% de fibras de contracción rápida. Los resultados resaltan la naturaleza intrincada de los elementos que influyen en el rendimiento de resistencia en estudiantes universitarios, enfatizando la necesidad de sistemas de apoyo personalizados. Las universidades pueden mejorar los resultados de rendimiento y fomentar el desarrollo integral de los atletas considerando factores fisiológicos, psicológicos, genéticos y ambientales. Este estudio mejora la comprensión de los aspectos complejos del rendimiento de resistencia en estudiantes universitarios, ofreciendo información valiosa para mejorar el entrenamiento deportivo y los programas de apoyo. Las recomendaciones de los entrenadores deben personalizar los programas de entrenamiento en función de los requisitos individuales de los atletas, utilizando una fuerte motivación intrínseca y resiliencia mental para crear una atmósfera de entrenamiento favorable y mejorar los resultados de rendimiento
Palabras clave: Rendimiento de Resistencia, Estudiantes Universitarios, Resiliencia Psicológica.
Abstract. This study examines the many elements influencing endurance performance in university students, including training routines, psychological fortitude, hereditary tendencies, and environmental adjustments. Data was gathered from 38 university students engaged in endurance sports using a descriptive methodology. The results reveal a significant commitment to endurance training since individuals typically participate in four sessions each week, each lasting around 60 minutes. Psychological resilience plays a significant role, with 82% of participants showing strong levels of intrinsic motivation and 74% displaying mental toughness in overcoming obstacles. 37% of participants have a family history of endurance performance, while 29% are interested in genetic testing, showing differing views on hereditary effects on performance. Performance outcomes are greatly impacted by environmental conditions, such as altitude training (42%), and heat acclimatisation (63%), which are often used tactics. The physiological examinations show an average VO2 max of 50 ml/kg/min, along with a muscle fibre composition consisting of 55% slow-twitch fibres and 45% fast-twitch fibres. The results highlight the intricate nature of elements influencing endurance performance in university students, emphasising the need for customised support systems. Universities can enhance performance outcomes and foster comprehensive athlete development by considering physiological, psychological, genetic, and environmental factors. This study enhances comprehension of the complex aspects of endurance performance in university students, offering valuable insights for improving athletic training and support programmes. Coaching recommendations should customise training programmes based on individual athlete requirements, utilising strong intrinsic motivation and mental resilience to create a favourable training atmosphere and enhance performance results.
Keywords: Endurance Performance, University Students, Psychological Resilience.
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