Efectos del entrenamiento combinado de pliometría, velocidad y cambio de dirección en jugadoras de fútbol sobre el rendimiento físico (Effects of combined plyometric, speed and change of direction training on female soccer players on physical performance)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.104527Palabras clave:
agilidad, salto vertical, velocidad, aceleración, fútbol, pliometría, fuerzaResumen
El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la influencia del entrenamiento combinado a corto plazo de pliometría (PL), velocidad y cambio de dirección (COD) dentro de la práctica regular del fútbol en los saltos, la velocidad y el cambio de dirección de jugadoras de fútbol durante la temporada. Veintitrés sujetos fueron asignados al azar a PL + velocidad + COD (COMB) o al grupo de control (GC). Los sujetos realizaron 2 sesiones por semana durante 6 semanas. Antes y después del entrenamiento, se analizaron los saltos con contramovimiento (CMJ), salto con contramovimiento con brazos (CMJA), sprints de 10 metros (m) - 20 metros y pruebas L-RUN. El análisis dentro del grupo mostró mejoras sustanciales en CMJ (tamaño del efecto [ES] = 0.92), sprint de 20 m (ES: <0.001), L-run (ES: <0.001). El análisis entre grupos mostró mejoras significativas en el sprint de 20 metros (p ≤ 0.001). No se observaron mejoras significativas en CMJ (p ≤ 0.95); CMJA (p ≤ 0.61); sprint de 10 m (p ≤ 0.23); L-Run (p ≤ 0.24) en los grupos experimentales en comparación con el GC. La sustitución de algunos ejercicios de fútbol de baja intensidad con ejercicios de PL combinados con sprints y COD, durante el calentamiento, podría ser una opción posible para optimizar el rendimiento en sprint.
Palabras clave: agilidad, salto vertical, velocidad, aceleración, jugadora de fútbol, pliometría, fuerza.
Abstract. The objective of this study is to determine the influence of short-term combined plyometrics (PL), speed and change of direction (COD) training (6 weeks) within regular soccer practice on the jumping, speed and COD of female soccer players during the season. Twenty-three subjects were randomly assigned to PL+ speed + COD (COMB), or control group (CG). Subjects performed 2 sessions per week for 6 weeks. Before and after training contramovement jump (CMJ), contramovement jump with arms (CMJA), 10 metres (m) - 20m sprint and L-RUN tests were analysed. Within-group analysis showed substantial improvements in CMJ (effect size [ES] = 0.92), 20m sprint (ES: <0.001), L-run (ES: <0.001). Between-group analysis showed significant improvements in 20m sprint (p ≤ 0.001). No significant improvements in CMJ (p ≤ 0.95); CMJA (p ≤ 0.61); 10m sprint (p ≤ 0.23); L-Run (p ≤ 0.24) in experimental groups in comparison to CG. The replacement of some low-intensity football drills with PLexercises combined with sprints and COD, during warm-up may be a possible option to optimise sprint performance.
Keywords: agility, vertical jump, speed, acceleration, soccer player, plyometrics, strength
Citas
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