Efectos de los Métodos de Entrenamiento de Fuerza Combinados en Atletas y Participantes Saludables en el Rendimiento de Sprints y Fuerza: Una Revisión Sistemática con Metaanálisis de Estudios Controlados (Effects of Combined Strength Training Methods on Athletes and Healthy Participants Sprint and Strength Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta‑analysis of Controlled Studies)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.105264Palabras clave:
Agilidad, velocidad, aceleración, pliometría, fuerzaResumen
El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática con metaanálisis fue examinar los efectos de los métodos combinados de entrenamiento de fuerza en el rendimiento de sprint y fuerza, en comparación con grupos de control (CG). El metaanálisis incluyó artículos revisados por pares que incorporaron métodos de entrenamiento combinado (CT) en participantes saludables y atletas, un CG y medidas de sprint (5m, 10m, 20m y 30m) y fuerza (1RM en sentadilla). Utilizando el modelo de efectos aleatorios, se calcularon tamaños de efecto (ES; g de Hedge) para las medidas de sprint y fuerza utilizando medias y desviaciones estándar de las pruebas pre y post para cada variable dependiente. Se incluyeron 31 estudios, con un total de 1,271 participantes. El CT mejoró las pruebas de sprint, 10m (ES = 0.67; IC del 95% = 0.37 a 0.97; p < 0.001), 20m (ES = 0.45; IC del 95% = 0.21 a 0.70; p < 0.001), 30m (ES = 0.46; IC del 95% = 0.20 a 0.71; p < 0.001) y la prueba de fuerza, 1RM en sentadilla (ES = 1.53; IC del 95% = 0.98 a 2.07; p < 0.001). Los resultados basados en una combinación específica encontraron un efecto estadísticamente significativo (p = 0.010; ES = 1.03) después del CT combinado con entrenamiento de velocidad en comparación con el CT combinado con fuerza en el sprint de 30m, y se observó un efecto moderador significativo (p = 0.013; ES = 2.02) después del CT combinado con fuerza en comparación con el CT combinado con dos o más métodos de entrenamiento en 1RM en sentadilla. Por lo tanto, los métodos combinados de entrenamiento son una forma efectiva de mejorar el rendimiento de Csprint y fuerza en participantes saludables y atletas en comparación con condiciones de control.
Palabras clave: Agilidad, velocidad,aceleración, pliometria, fuerza
Abstract. The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to examine the effects of combined strength training methods on sprint and Strength performance, compared to controls groups (CG).The meta-analysis included peer-reviewed articles that incorporated Combined Training (CT) groups in healthy participants and athletes, a CG, and a measure of sprint (5m, 10m, 20m and 30m) and strength (1RM squat). Using the random-effects model, effect sizes (ES; Hedge’s g) were calculated for sprint and strength measures using means and SDs from pre- and post-tests for each dependent variable. Thirty-one studies were included, comprising 1,271 participants.CT improved sprint tests, 10m (ES = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.37 to 0.97; p < 0.001), 20m (ES = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.21 to 0.70; p < 0.001), 30m (ES = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.20 to 0.71; p < 0.001) and strength test, 1RM squat (ES = 1.53; 95% CI = 0.98 to 2.07; p < 0.001). Results based in a specific combination found a significant statistically effect type (p = 0.010; ES = 1.03) after PL combined with speed training compared to PL combined with strength in 30m sprint and a significant moderator effect was noted (p = 0.013; ES = 2.02) after PL combined with strength compared to PL combined with two or more training methods in 1RM squat.Combined strength training methods is an effective way to improve sprint and strength performance on healthy participants and athletes in comparison to control conditions.
Keywords: Agility, Speed, Acceleration, Plyometrics, Strength.
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