Efectos del entrenamiento combinado pliométrico, de fuerza, velocidad y cambio de dirección en el rendimiento físico de jugadores jóvenes de fútbol masculino: Un ensayo controlado aleatorio (Effects of combined plyometric, strength, speed and change of direction training on youth male soccer players physical performance: A randomised controlled trial)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.104520Palabras clave:
agilidad, salto vertical, velocidad, aceleración, pliometría, fuerza, fútbolResumen
El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la influencia del entrenamiento pliométrico a corto plazo o del entrenamiento combinado (6 semanas) dentro de la práctica regular de fútbol en los saltos y las acciones de cambio de dirección de jóvenes jugadores de fútbol durante la temporada. Treinta jugadores fueron asignados al azar a tres grupos: pliometría (PL), pliometría + velocidad + cambio de dirección (COD) (COMB1) o PL + velocidad + COD + fuerza (COMB2). Todos los jugadores entrenaron 3 veces por semana y los grupos experimentales cambiaron el calentamiento táctico típico por un programa propuesto de pliometría o entrenamiento combinado durante 20 minutos (2 días por semana) durante 6 semanas. Antes y después del entrenamiento, se analizaron los saltos con contramovimiento con brazos libres (CMJA) y las pruebas L-RUN. El análisis dentro de los grupos mostró mejoras significativas en CMJA (ES: 0.73;1.27;1.16) en COMB1, COMB2 y PL, mientras que COMB1 y COMB2 también mostraron mejoras significativas en las pruebas COD (ES: 3.75; 2.15). El análisis entre grupos mostró mejoras significativas mayores en las variables de COD (p ≤ 0.001; p ≤ 0.001) en los grupos experimentales en comparación con PL. Finalmente, COMB1 y COMB2 no mostraron mejoras significativas en L-Run (p ≤0.234). La sustitución de algunos ejercicios de fútbol de baja intensidad con pliometría combinada con fuerza, sprints y COD durante el calentamiento podría ser una opción posible para optimizar la capacidad de salto y cambio de dirección durante el entrenamiento de fútbol en temporada.
Palabras clave: agilidad, salto vertical, velocidad, aceleración, jugador de fútbol, pliometría, fuerza.
Abstract. The objective of this study is to determine the influence of short-term plyometric or combined training (6 weeks) within regular soccer practice on the jumping and change of direction actions of young soccer players during the season. Thirty players were randomly assigned to three groups: plyometrics (PL), plyometrics + speed + Change of direction (COD) (COMB1), or PL + speed + COD + strength (COMB2). All players trained soccer 3 times per week and the experimental groups change the typical tactical warm up with a proposed PL or combined training program for 20 minutes (2 days per weeks) for 6 weeks. Before, after training, free-arm countermovement jump (CMJA) and L-RUN tests were analysed. Within-group analysis showed substantial improvements in CMJA (ES: 0.73;1.27;1.16) in COMB1, COMB2 and PL while COMB1 and COMB2 also showed substantial enhancements in COD tests (ES: 3.75; 2.15). Between-group analysis showed substantially greater improvements in COD variables (p ≤ 0.001; p ≤ 0.001) in experimental groups in comparison to PL. Finally, COMB1 and COMB2 showed no significant enhancements in L-Run (p ≤0.234). The replacement of some low-intensity football drills with PL combined with strength, sprints and COD. during warm-up may be a possible option to optimise jumping and change of direction ability during in-season football training.
Keywords: agility, vertical jump, speed, acceleration, soccer player, plyometrics, strength.
Citas
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