Sistemas de suministro y gasto de energía en el ejercicio físico – una revisión (Supply systems and expenditure of energy in physical exercise – a review)

Autores/as

  • Samuel Honório https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-344X
  • Jorge Santos 1Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, SHERU (Sport, Health and Exercise Research Unit, Docente, Castelo Branco, Portugal. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-4862
  • João Serrano 1Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, SHERU (Sport, Health and Exercise Research Unit, Docente, Castelo Branco, Portugal.
  • João Petrica 1Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, SHERU (Sport, Health and Exercise Research Unit, Docente, Castelo Branco, Portugal.
  • Miguel Rebelo 1Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, SHERU (Sport, Health and Exercise Research Unit, Docente, Castelo Branco, Portugal.
  • Fernando Vieira Instituto Piaget/ISEIT, Kinesiolab – Laboratório de Análise do Movimento Humano; RECI – Research in Education, and Community Intervention, Docente, Almada, Portugal.
  • Marco Batista 1Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, SHERU (Sport, Health and Exercise Research Unit, Docente, Castelo Branco, Portugal. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3318-2472

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.102980

Palabras clave:

gestión energética, sistemas, actividad física, deporte, gasto, transferencia de energía, ejercicio

Resumen

Muchas actividades deportivas, recreativas y ocupacionales requieren una liberación de energía de moderada a intensa y continua. El fraccionamiento aeróbico de carbohidratos, grasas y proteínas proporciona energía para el ejercicio debido a la fosforilación del difosfato de adenosina (ADP) a trifosfato de adenosina (ATP). Se produce un desequilibrio energético anaeróbico-aeróbico en ausencia de una tasa constante entre la fosforilación oxidativa del ADP en ATP y la energía necesaria para el ejercicio. Cuando hay un desequilibrio, la acidez de los tejidos aumenta y eventualmente aparece un estado de fatiga. Dos factores influyen en cómo los individuos son capaces de mantener un alto nivel de actividad física con una fatiga mínima: la capacidad y la integración de los sistemas fisiológicos para suministrar oxígeno y la capacidad de fibras musculares específicas activadas durante el ejercicio para generar ATP aeróbico.

Palabras clave: gestión energética, sistemas, actividad física, deporte, gasto, transferencia de energía, ejercicio.

Abstract. Many physical activities, recreational and occupational require a moderate to intense and continuous release of energy. Aerobic fractionation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins provides energy for exercise due to the phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). An anaerobic-aerobic energy imbalance sets in the absence of a steady rate between the oxidative phosphorylation of ADP into ATP and the energy required for exercise. When there is an imbalance, tissue acidity increases and eventually a state of fatigue appears. Two factors influence how individuals can maintain a high level of physical activity with minimal fatigue: the capacity and integration of physiological systems to supply oxygen and the capacity of specific muscle fibers activated during exercise to generate aerobic ATP.

Keywords: energy management, systems, physical activity, sport, expenditure, energy transfer, exercise

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Publicado

2024-08-03

Cómo citar

Honório, S., Santos, J., Serrano, J., Petrica, J., Rebelo, M., Vieira, F., & Batista, M. (2024). Sistemas de suministro y gasto de energía en el ejercicio físico – una revisión (Supply systems and expenditure of energy in physical exercise – a review). Retos, 57, 758–767. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.102980

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Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis

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