En Movimiento: Un Estudio Transversal sobre la Actividad Física, el Comportamiento Sedentario y los Síntomas Depresivos en Ancianos de Zonas Rurales de Portugal (On the Move: A Cross-Sectional Study on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Depressive Symptoms among Older People in Rural Portugal)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.100990Palabras clave:
physical activity;, sedentarism;, depression;, older adults;, rural populationResumen
La compleja relación entre los síntomas depresivos, la actividad física y el comportamiento sedentario tiene implicaciones importantes para la salud gerontológica. Este estudio exploró estas relaciones en una muestra de 54 adultos mayores no deprimidos (≥60 años) de zonas rurales de Portugal, divididos en dos grupos: uno que participó en actividades físicas autoiniciadas y estructuradas, y otro limitado solo a actividades autoiniciadas. Los niveles de actividad y los síntomas depresivos se evaluaron utilizando el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física – Forma Corta y la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica-27. Los resultados mostraron una correlación positiva entre la actividad física y los síntomas depresivos en el grupo de actividad autoiniciada. En contraste, no hubo diferencias significativas en los síntomas depresivos en el grupo de actividad estructurada, lo que sugiere una posible función protectora de la actividad física estructurada contra la depresión. Este estudio destaca la compleja dinámica entre la actividad física, el comportamiento sedentario y los síntomas depresivos en adultos mayores y enfatiza la necesidad de enfoques de intervención personalizados. Las investigaciones futuras deberían centrarse en abordar los mecanismos protectores específicos de la actividad física estructurada contra la depresión y evaluar la eficacia a largo plazo de tales intervenciones en diferentes poblaciones de adultos mayores.
Palabras clave: actividad física, sedentarismo, depresión, adultos mayores, población rural
Abstract. In the field of gerontological health, depression is a major challenge that is often associated with decreased physical activity and an increase in sedentary behavior. This study explored these relationships in a sample of 54 non-depressed older adults (≥60 years) from rural Portugal who were divided into two groups: that engaged in both self-initiated and structured physical activity, and the other that was limited to self-initiated activity only. Activity levels and depressive symptoms were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form and the Geriatric Depression Scale-27. The results showed a positive correlation between physical activity and depressive symptoms in the self-initiated activity group. In contrast, there were no significant differences in depressive symptoms in the structured activity group, suggesting a possible protective function of structured physical activity against depression. This study highlights the complex dynamics between physical activity, sedentary behavior and depressive symptoms in older adults and emphasizes the need for tailored intervention approaches. To further advance our understanding in this field, future research should focus on addressing the specific protective mechanisms of structured physical activity against depression and evaluating the long-term efficacy of such interventions in different older populations.
Keywords: physical activity, sedentarism, depression, older adults, rural population
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