Producción científica sobre el efecto de la edad relativa en el deporte: análisis bibliométrico de los últimos 9 años (2015-2023) (Scientific production on the relative age effect in sport: bibliometric analysis of the last 9 years (2015-2023))
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.101944Palabras clave:
relativa age, sport, sport science, capacity, skillResumen
Objetivo. Desarrollar un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica sobre el efecto de la edad relativa en el deporte a partir de las bases de datos PubMed y Scopus entre el 1 de enero de 2015 y el 30 de abril de 2023. Metodología. Se partió de un análisis bibliométrico descriptivo sobre la producción científica teniendo como indicadores las siguientes categorías: 1) Base de datos; 2) Año de publicación; 3) Nombre de la revista; 4) País de la revista; 5) Índice H; 6) Índice SCI (2021); 7) Cuartil (Q1; Q2; Q3; Q4); 8) Número de artículos por revista; 9) Citas en Scopus; 10) Países evaluados; 11) Deportes colectivos; 12) Deportes individuales; 13) Número de veces que la muestra de un país fue evaluada según las revistas; 14) Área de conocimiento; 15) Género; 16) Número de autores; 17) Nombre autores; 18) Instrumentos utilizados para determinar el efecto de la edad relativa de los deportistas; 19) Enfoque de la investigación; 20) Diseño de la investigación; 21) Paquete de software estadístico; 22) Test estadístico; 23) Idioma; 24) Tamaño de la muestra. Se utilizaron los siguientes términos MeSH para buscar los documentos: "Deporte", "edad relativa", "rendimiento deportivo", y las ecuaciones de búsqueda ("competición deportiva" AND "efecto de la edad relativa”), ("talento deportivo" AND "efecto de la edad relativa”), ("diferencias físicas" AND "efecto de la edad relativa”) para buscar documentos en las bases de datos Scopus y PubMed, obteniendo un total de 597 documentos. Finalmente, tras aplicar los criterios, se aceptaron 185 documentos. Resultados. El número de publicaciones por año ha tenido un comportamiento fluctuante, siendo 2018 el año de mayor producción (16,09%) y 2016 el de menor (6,32%). Frente a la revista, se encontró que las de mayor número de publicaciones fueron Plos One con 24 trabajos (12.97%), Sports con 15 trabajos (8.10%) y Journal of Human Kinetics con 13 (7.02%). Las revistas con mayor número de citas fueron PloS One (591) y Journal of Sports Sciences (478). En cuanto a los deportes, los que tienen mayor número de publicaciones son: fútbol con 61 (32.90%), deportes varios con 24 (12.89%) y baloncesto con 16 documentos (8.64%) respectivamente. En cuanto al país evaluado, la Copa del Mundo (13,008%) y España (12,195%) tienen el mayor número de documentos. En cuanto al número total de documentos por área de conocimiento, el talento deportivo (25.40%), la competición deportiva (22.70%) y el entrenamiento deportivo (15.13%) son los más elevados. Por último, en cuanto al género, se observa que la mayor producción es en relación con los hombres (74,26%), mujeres-hombres (20,46%) y mujeres (7,01%). Conclusiones. Se concluye que el estudio bibliométrico aporta sustancialmente a la comunidad científica a partir de los hallazgos encontrados en el estudio y el cambio de enfoque con el que se ha estudiado recientemente la edad relativa. Asimismo, permite orientar futuros estudios dirigidos a caracterizar y determinar el efecto de la edad relativa en el deporte.
Palabras clave: edad relativa, deporte, ciencia del deporte, competición deportiva, talento deportivo.
Abstract. Objective. To conduct a bibliometric analysis of scientific production regarding the relative age effect in sport, using data from the PubMed and Scopus databases spanning from January 1, 2015, to April 30, 2023. Methodology. It was based on a descriptive bibliometric analysis of the scientific production having as indicators the following categories: 1) database; 2) year of publication; 3) journal name; 4) journal country; 5) H-index; 6) SCI index (2021); 7) Quartile (Q1; Q2; Q3; Q4); 8); Number of articles per Journal; 9) Scopus citations; 10) Countries evaluated; 11) Colective sports; 12) Individual sports; 13) number of times the sample of a country was evaluated according to journals; 14) Area of knowledge; 15) Gender; 16) Number of authors; 17) Name authors; 18) Instruments used to determine the relative age effect of athletes; 19) Research approach; 20) Research design; 21) Statistical Software packcage; 22) Statistical test; 23) Languaje; 24) Sample Size. The following MeSH terms were used to search for the documents: "Sport", "relative age", "sports performance", and the search equations ("sport competition" AND "relative age effect”), ("sports talent" AND "relative age effect”), ("physical differences" AND "relative age effect”) to search for documents in the Scopus and PubMed databases, obtaining a total of 597 documents. In the end, after applying the criteria, 185 documents were accepted. Results. The number of publications per year has exhibited fluctuating behavior, with 2018 being the year with the highest production (16.09%) and 2016 the lowest (6.32%). In front of the journal, we found those with the most publications, were PloS One with 24 papers (12.97%), Sports with 15 (8.10%), and Journal of Human Kinetics with 13 (7.02%). PloS One (591) and the Journal of Sports Sciences (478) received the highest number of citations. Regarding sports, the ones with the highest number of publications are Soccer with 61 (32.90%), various sports with 24 (12.90%), and basketball with 16 documents (8.64%). Taking into account the countries evaluated, the World Cup (13.008%) and Spain (12.195%) have the highest number of documents. As for the total number of documents by area of knowledge, sports talent (25.40%), sports competition (22.70%), and sports training (15.13%) are the highest. Finally, about gender, it is found that the highest production is about men (74.26%), women-men (20.46%), and women (7.01%). Conclusions. It is concluded that the bibliometric study contributes substantially to the scientific community from the findings found in the study and the change of focus with which relative age has recently been studied. Likewise, it can guide future studies aimed at characterizing and determining the effect of relative age in sports.
Key Words: relative age, sport, sports science, sports competition, sports talent
Citas
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