La transferencia y difusión del conocimiento en el entrenamiento deportivo: una revisión de alcance (The transfer and dissemination of knowledge in sports training: a scoping review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99163Palabras clave:
ciencias del deporte, entrenamiento deportivo, transferencia del conocimiento, entrenadores, profesionales e investigadores deportivosResumen
Introducción. Con la expresión transferencia de conocimiento, se hace referencia a los procesos de transmisión, traducción, comprensión y aplicación pertinente del conocimiento científico, técnico y tecnológico al mundo profesional. Objetivo. Establecer el estado actual acerca de la transferencia y difusión del conocimiento en el entrenamiento deportivo. Metodología. La presente revisión documental se enmarca en un paradigma fenomenológico, de corte histórico hermenéutico y de tipo interpretativo. Con base en la interpretación de las investigaciones se define y distinguen las siguientes categorías de análisis: (i) lo que el entrenador hace y debe saber/conocer; (ii) el valor de la ciencia del deporte para el deporte; (iii) las formas de aprender; (iv) la comprensión y uso por parte de los entrenadores de las ciencias del deporte; (v) los factores influyentes y/o determinantes de la transferibilidad del conocimiento. Resultados. Se evidencia que existe un aumento considerable de investigaciones orientadas a abordar el cómo aprenden los entrenadores, corroborándose que la relevancia de los contenidos juega un papel distinguido en la formación de los entrenadores hacia el alto nivel. Asimismo, el aprendizaje es concebido como un proceso permanente que requiere constante actualización. Conclusiones. Se puede determinar que el proceso deportivo debe favorecer al deportista, razón por lo cual, la transferencia del conocimiento involucra a diversos agentes pedagógicos, actores administrativos, comunidad científica y factores de orden social, político y económico que influencian la formación del entrenador para así, desarrollar procesos deportivos coherentes con las exigencias del contexto.
Palabras clave: ciencias del deporte, entrenamiento deportivo, transferencia del conocimiento, entrenadores, profesionales e investigadores deportivos.
Abstract. Introduction. The term knowledge transfer refers to the processes of transmission, translation, understanding and relevant application of scientific, technical and technological knowledge to the professional world. Objective. To establish the current state of knowledge transfer and diffusion in sports training. Methodology. The present documentary review is framed in a phenomenological paradigm, of historical hermeneutic and interpretative type. Based on the interpretation of the research, it defines and distinguishes the following categories of analysis: (i) what the coach does and should know/know; (ii) the value of sport science for sport; (iii) ways of learning; (iv) coaches' understanding and use of sport science; (v) the influencing and/or determining factors of knowledge transferability. Results. It is evident that there is a considerable increase in research oriented to address how coaches learn, corroborating that the relevance of the contents plays a distinguished role in the formation of coaches towards the high level. Likewise, learning is conceived as a permanent process that requires constant updating. Conclusions. It can be determined that the sports process should favor the athlete, which is why the transfer of knowledge involves various pedagogical agents, administrative actors, the scientific community and social, political and economic factors that influence the formation of the coach in order to develop sports processes that are coherent with the demands of the context.
Key words: sport sciences, sport coaching, knowledge transfer, coaches, sport professionals and researchers.
Citas
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