Percepción subjetiva como método de control de la intensidad en fútbol sala (Subjective perception as a method of controlling the fatigue and intensity in futsal)

Resumen

El objeto de estudio es controlar las cargas de entrenamiento en fútbol sala utilizando el método de Percepción Subjetiva. Participaron 12 jugadores profesionales de fútbol sala español durante una temporada de 40 semanas. Se registró la Percepción Subjetiva de la fatiga previa y posterior al entrenamiento y de la intensidad soportada durante el mismo través de las Escalas de Percepción desarrolladas por Borg. La recogida de datos se realizó de forma personal en todos los entrenamientos (225 sesiones) y se analizaron los valores individuales y los valores medios del equipo. Los resultados medios del equipo establecen una percepción subjetiva de fatiga previa de 3.39±0.64, una percepción subjetiva de fatiga posterior de 6.76±0.93 y una percepción subjetiva de la intensidad de 14.65±1.27. Se han encontrado correlaciones significativas entre la percepción de fatiga previa y posterior (r=0.78) y entre la percepción de intensidad y de fatiga posterior (r=0.86). Esta relación entre la percepción subjetiva de fatiga e intensidad permite conocer de manera individual y grupal el efecto que tiene la carga aplicada en la fatiga de los jugadores.

Abstract. The aim of this study is to control training loads in futsal using the method of subjective perception. Participants were 12 Spanish professional futsal players during a season of 40 weeks. The subjective perception of prior fatigue and fatigue after training and the perceived intensity during training were recorded using scales developed by Borg. Data were collected in all training sessions (225 sessions) and individual scores and average team scores were analyzed. The average team scores were as follows: 3.39 ± 0.64 for subjective perception of prior fatigue; 6.76 ± 0.93 for subjective perception of fatigue after training; and 14.65 ± 1.27 for subjective perception of the intensity of training. We found significant correlations between the perception of prior fatigue and the perception of fatigue after training (r = 0.78), and between perceived intensity and perceived fatigue after training (r = 0.86). The relationship between the subjective perception of fatigue and perception of intensity sheds light into the effect of training loads on player fatigue, both at individual and collective levels.