Cambios en la cantidad e intensidad de la actividad física antes y después del confinamiento debido al covid-19 (Changes in the amount and intensity of physical activity pre and post covid-19 confinement)

Autores/as

  • Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro
  • Borja Gutierrez-Santamaría
  • Aitor Coca Director Academico grado CAFyD Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y Deporte, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, UNIVERSIDAD EUNEIZ, Vitoria-Gasteiz Paseo de la Biosfera nº 6, CP. 01013, Vitoria-Gasteiz (Álava)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.94091

Palabras clave:

COVID-19, Confinement, Physical activity, sedentary behaviour

Resumen

Antecedentes: La inactividad física ha aumentado con el confinamiento decretado por algunos países debido a la pandemia de COVID-19, pero se desconocen los cambios en el estilo de vida de la población tras el confinamiento. Propósito: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar cómo ha cambiado el estilo de vida y los hábitos de actividad física (AF) de la población durante la pandemia después del confinamiento e identificar los grupos que pueden haber sufrido mayores cambios. Métodos: La muestra pre-confinamiento fueron 4160, y la muestra post-confinamiento fueron 2553 adultos sanos (edad 18-65 años) residentes en España que respondieron al cuestionario internacional de AF corto (IPAQ-S), el primero entre el 23 de marzo y el 1 de abril y el segundo en junio de 2020. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo teniendo en cuenta el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones generales de AF post-confinamiento, la edad y el género. Resultados: En cuanto a la diferencia en los niveles de AF de la población estudiada, se observó una reducción del 4,56% en la actividad física vigorosa (AFV), un aumento del 22,15% en la AF moderada (AFM) y un incremento del tiempo de marcha del 17,06%. En los trabajadores y en los estudiantes se produjo una reducción significativa de la AFV y un aumento de la AFM, y sólo el grupo de los no trabajadores aumentó su tiempo sentado. Se observaron reducciones significativas de la AFV en los grupos de edad en torno a los 18-d»34 años, con un aumento de la AFM tanto en estos grupos como en los de 35-d»44 años. En los mayores (e»55 - <65) no se observaron variaciones significativas. El porcentaje de personas que cumplen la recomendación de 75 min/semana de AFV disminuyó un 5,4% mientras que el porcentaje de personas que alcanzaron 150 min/semana de AFM apenas varió (2,7%). Conclusión: Los adultos sanos, especialmente los jóvenes, han reducido la cantidad de AFV diaria auto declarada y han aumentado la cantidad de AFM diaria y los paseos durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en España.

Abstract: Background: Physical inactivity has increased with the confinement decreed by some countries due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but changes in the lifestyle of the population after confinement are unknown. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate how the lifestyle and physical activity (PA) habits of the population have changed during the pandemic after confinement and to identify the groups that may have undergone the greatest changes. Methods: The pre-confinement sample were 4160, and post-confinement sample were 2553 healthy adults (age 18-65 years) residing in Spain answered the international PA questionnaire short (IPAQ-S), the first one between 23 March and 1 April and the second one in June of 2020. Data analysis was carried out taking into consideration meeting general PA recommendations post-confinement, age and gender. Results: Regarding the difference in the levels of PA of the studied population, a reduction of 4.56% was observed in vigorous physical activity (VPA), an increase of 22.15% in moderate PA (MPA) and a walking time increasing of 17.06%. In workers and students there was a significant reduction in VPA and an increase in MPA, and only the group of non-workers increased their sitting time. Significant reductions in VPA were observed in the age groups around 18-d»34 years, with an increase in MPA both in these groups and in 35-d»44 years. In the oldest (e»55 - <65) no significant variations were observed. The percent of people fulfilling the 75 min/week of VPA recommendation decreased by 5.4% while the percent of people who reached 150 min/week of MPA barely changed (2.7%). Conclusion: Healthy adults, especially young people, have reduced the amount of self-reported daily VPA and increased the amount of daily MPA and walking during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.

Citas

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Publicado

2022-09-28

Cómo citar

Castañeda-Babarro, A., Gutierrez-Santamaría, B., & Coca, A. (2022). Cambios en la cantidad e intensidad de la actividad física antes y después del confinamiento debido al covid-19 (Changes in the amount and intensity of physical activity pre and post covid-19 confinement). Retos, 46, 545–551. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.94091

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