Efectos de una intervención de 12 semanas de ejercicio en los niveles de hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) en pacientes con cáncer (Effects of a 12-week exercise intervention on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in cancer patients)

Naiara Virto; Paula Etayo-Urtasun; José Ramón  Sánchez Isla; María Soledad Arietanizbeaskoa; Nere  Mendizabal Gallastegui; Gonzalo Grandes; Borja Gutierrez; Aitor Coca; Xabier Río

doi:10.47197/retos.v48.96221

Autores/as

Naiara Virto Universidad de Deusto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2850-8717
Paula Universidad de Deusto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7211-6043
José Ramón Sánchez Isla Universidad de Deusto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4873-1633
María Soledad Arietanizbeaskoa Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8747-6789
Nere Mendizabal Gallastegui Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-6362
Gonzalo Grandes Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5217-6628
Borja Gutierrez Universidad de Deusto
Aitor Coca European University Gasteiz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5355-4662
Xabier Río Universidad de Deusto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9303-619X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.96221

Palabras clave:

Oncología, Ejercicio, Composición Corporal, Entrenamiento Concurrente, Glucosa, Hemoglobina Glicada.

Resumen

La práctica de ejercicio físico ha sido asociada a un menor riesgo de desarrollo y recurrencia del cáncer. Asimismo, estudios previos sugieren que el ejercicio es eficaz para reducir el riesgo de desarrollar alteraciones metabólicas. Por lo tanto, esta investigación pretende evaluar los efectos de un programa de ejercicio combinado de 12 semanas sobre la reducción de los niveles de hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) en pacientes con cáncer. Para ello, 22 pacientes no diabéticos fueron asignados aleatoriamente a una intervención de ejercicio combinado de 12 semanas o al grupo control. Se realizaron evaluaciones iniciales y a los 3 meses para valorar los cambios en los niveles de HbA1c, la grasa y la masa musculoesquelética de los 22 participantes que completaron el estudio. Analizando la muestra hubo mejoras significativas en los niveles de HbA1c (p=0,033). Además, cuando se excluyeron los mayores de 65 años, las diferencias fueron mayores (p=0,017). Aunque no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las reducciones de los sujetos con diferentes niveles basales de HbA1c, los que tenían niveles más altos redujeron los valores en un 6,8% y los que tenían niveles normales en un 3,6%. Además, no se encontró ninguna correlación entre las reducciones de la HbA1c y los cambios en la composición corporal. Esta intervención de ejercicio combinado de 12 semanas dio lugar a una reducción de los niveles de HbA1c, pero este cambio no se asoció con los cambios en la composición corporal.

Palabras clave: Oncología, Ejercicio, Composición Corporal, Entrenamiento Concurrente, Glucosa, Hemoglobina Glicada.

Abstract. Exercise has been associated with lower risk of cancer development and recurrence. Studies suggest that exercise is effective in reducing the risk of developing metabolic alterations. Due to the inconclusive results of previous studies, this research aims to evaluate the effects of a 12-week concurrent exercise programme on the reduction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in cancer patients. 22 non-diabetic patients were randomly assigned to a 12-week combined exercise intervention or to the control group. Baseline and 3-month assessments were performed to evaluate changes in HbA1c, fat and musculoskeletal mass for the 22 participants who completed the study. Analyzing the sample there were significant improvements in HbA1c (p=0.033), when excluding those over 65 years of age, the differences were greater (p=0.017). Although no significant differences were found between the reductions of subjects with different baseline HbA1c levels, those with higher levels reduced values by 6.8% and those with normal levels by 3.6%. Furthermore, no correlation was found between reductions in HbA1c and changes in body composition. This 12-week combined exercise intervention resulted in a reduction in HbA1c levels, but this change was not associated with changes in body composition.

Key Words: Oncology, Exercise, Body Composition, Concurrent Training, Glucose, Glycated Hemoglobin.

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