Los medios relacionados con los Juegos Paralímpicos y sus posibles aportes en el cambio de percepción de los universitarios sobre las personas con discapacidad (The media related to the Paralympic Games and its contributions in changing the perception of university students about people with disabilities)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.93523Palabras clave:
Pessoa com deficiência; Estigma; Teoria do contato; Mídia; Mudança de percepção (People with disability; Stigma; Contact theory; Media; Perception change (Personas con discapacidad; Estigma; Teoría del contacto; Medios de comunicación; Cambio de percepción)Resumen
Las personas percibidas como “diferentes” del estándar establecido como “normal” tienden a sufrir prejuicios y estigmas. Según algunos autores, el contacto directo (con interacciones cara a cara) o indirecto (sin interacciones cara a cara) con uno o más miembros de un grupo “diferente”, siempre que se cumplan ciertas condiciones, puede paliar estos “problemas”. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar si el contacto indirecto con personas con discapacidad (PCD) a través de materiales mediáticos relacionados con los Juegos Paralímpicos puede interferir en la percepción de los universitarios sobre las PCD. El estudio fue cualitativo y exploratorio y contó con catorce participantes. Realizamos una dinámica donde les pedíamos que dijeran palabras/expresiones que pensaron al escuchar la expresión “persona con discapacidad”. A continuación, los entrevistamos para comprender mejor las opciones de palabras/expresiones utilizadas. Luego mostramos dos videos que involucraban a atletas paralímpicos practicando deportes y repetimos la palabra dinámica y la entrevista para ver si los videos habían cambiado sus percepciones de las personas con discapacidad. Encontramos que ocho participantes cambiaron su percepción. Seis no cambiaron, ya que percibían a las PCD como capaces, debido a experiencias previas directas o indirectas con ellas. El estudio reveló que el contacto indirecto puede ser una herramienta eficaz para desarrollar una percepción más positiva de las PCD, especialmente para las personas que no tienen contacto directo y duradero con una PCD.Abstract: People perceived as “different” from the standard established as “normal” tend to suffer prejudice and stigma. According to some authors, direct (with face-to-face interactions) or indirect (without face-to-face interactions) contact with one or more members of a “different” group, provided that certain conditions are met, can alleviate these “problems”. The objective of this study was to verify if the indirect contact with people with disabilities (PWD) through media materials related to the Paralympic Games can interfere in the perception of university students about PWD. The study was qualitative and exploratory and had fourteen participants. We performed a dynamic where we asked them to say words/expressions they thought when they heard the expression “person with a disability”. Next, we interviewed them to better understand the choices of words/expressions used. We then showed two videos that involved Paralympic athletes playing sports and repeated the word dynamics and the interview to see if the videos had changed their perceptions of PWDs. We found that eight participants changed their perception. Six did not change, as they already perceived PWDs as capable, due to previous direct or indirect experiences with them. The study revealed that indirect contact can be an effective tool for developing a more positive perception of PWD, especially for those who did not have the opportunity to sustain direct and lasting contact with a PWD.
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