Relación de la fuerza, potencia y composición corporal con el rendimiento deportivo en nadadores jóvenes de la Región Metropolitana de Chile (Relationship of strength, power, and body composition with sports performance in young swimmers in the Metropoli
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v38i38.75638Keywords:
( swimming, power, strength, anthropometry, sports performance)Abstract
Entre las múltiples variables que condicionan el rendimiento en pruebas de natación resalta la fuerza explosiva y la potencia, ambos predictores confiables de la velocidad del nadador. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la relación de la fuerza, potencia y variables antropométricas con el tiempo mínimo en nadadores jóvenes. La muestra estuvo constituida por 27 nadadores de Santiago de Chile, 14 de sexo masculino (51,9%) y 13 de sexo femenino (48,1%), con edades entre 13 y 21 años. Los datos de antropometría se obtuvieron con el protocolo ISAK, utilizando una balanza digital Tanita modelo HD 357 y el kit Rosscraft Centurion. Para medir la altura de salto se utilizó la plataforma de contacto DmJump®. La medición de fuerza a través del press banco, prensa horizontal y pull down se llevó a cabo con una repetición máxima. Finalmente, la medición de la fuerza de prensión manual se realizó con un dinamómetro digital baseline®. Los resultados muestran que los tiempos obtenidos en 50 metros de nado libre presentan relaciones inversas con cuatro variables antropométricas, con la altura del Abalakov Jump y con cuatro pruebas de fuerza. La prueba de 50, 100 y 200 metros estilo pecho solo se relacionan con la fuerza de prensión de la mano. La prueba de 200 metros combinado se relaciona con cinco variables antropométricas, con la altura de salto del CMJ y con las cinco pruebas de fuerza. Son necesarias nuevas investigaciones donde se evalué un mayor número de deportistas, con mayores rangos etarios y diversos tiempos y tipos de entrenamiento que puedan ayudar a entender de mejor forma la incidencia de estas variables sobre el rendimiento deportivo.
Abstract. Explosive force and power stand out among the multiple variables that condition performance in swimming tests, both being reliable predictors of swimmers' speed. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of force, power, and anthropometric variables with the shortest performance time in young swimmers. The sample consisted of 27 swimmers from Santiago de Chile, 14 male (51.9%) and 13 female (48.1%) with ages between 13 and 21 years old.The anthropometric data were obtained with the ISAK protocol, using a digital scale Tanita model HD 357 and the Rosscraft Centurion kit. To measure the jump height, the contact platform DmJump® was used. Force was measured through press bench, horizontal press, and pull down, using the one maximum repetition method.Finally, measurement of manual grip force was carried out with a digital dynamometer baseline®. The results show that the times obtained in 50 meters of free swimming have inverse relationships with four anthropometric variables, with the height of the Abalakov Jump and with four force tests.The 50, 100 and 200-meter breaststroke tests only correlate with hand grip force. The combined 200-meter test is associated with five anthropometric variables, jump height in CMJ, and the five force tests. In future research, a greater number of athletes should be evaluated, with higher age ranges and different training times and types, which could help better understand the influence of these variables on sports performance.
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