Actividad física en tiempo libre en estudiantes universitarios Colombianos (Leisure-time physical activity in Colombian university students)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.71495Keywords:
Actividad física, variables psicológicas, estudiantes universitarios, Teoría de la Autodeterminación, Teoría del Comportamiento planifi(Physical activity, psychological variables, university students, self-determination theory, Theory of planned Behavior)Abstract
Analizar la asociación entre las variables de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación (TAD), la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (TCP), el entorno universitario y la práctica de Actividad Física (AF) en tiempo libre en estudiantes universitarios. 363 estudiantes participaron y completaron cuestionario para analizar la satisfacción y la frustración de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas (NPB), los procesos motivacionales, percepciones para la intención y el nivel de AF en tiempo libre. Se obtuvo diferencias significativas para el nivel de AF con relación al género, los estudiantes muy activos y que trabajan, tienen mayor satisfacción de NPB, motivación autodeterminada e intención para la práctica de AF; pertenecer a áreas de formación en salud, educación y recibir deporte formativo, genera mayores niveles de frustración de autonomía, desmotivación y regulación externa. El análisis de regresión mostró como el género y la regulación integrada son predictoras comunes para la AF moderada vigorosa (AFMV) y la AF total (AFT). Los factores sociodemográficos, el entorno universitario y los factores motivacionales ayudan a explicar la intención y la práctica de AF en tiempo libre y sus diferencias serán determinantes para educar conductas saludables.
Abstract. To analyze the association between variables of the Theory of Self-Determination (SDT), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the university environment, and the practice of Physical Activity (PA) in leisure time in university students. A sample of 363 students participated and completed a questionnaire to analyze satisfaction and frustration of Basic Psychological Needs (BPN), motivational processes, intention perceptions, and PA levels in leisure time. Significant differences were found regarding PA levels by gender; students who are very active and students workers have greater satisfaction of BPN, self-determined regulation, and intention to practice PA; belonging to education fields in health or education, and receiving sports training, generate higher levels of frustration of autonomy, demotivation, and external regulation. The regression analysis showed that gender and integrated regulation are common predictors of moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) and total PA (TPA). Sociodemographic factors, university environment, and motivational factors help explain the intention and practice of PA in leisure time and their differences will be decisive in educating healthy behaviors.
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