Efecto del entrenamiento en pretemporada en las variables antropométricas y derivadas en jugadores de baloncesto de élite (Effect of preseason training on anthropometric and derived variables in professional basketball players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v36i36.68535Keywords:
Cineantropometría, composición corporal, deporte, proporcionalidad, somatotipo (Body composition, kynanthropometry, proportionality, somatotype, sport)Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos provocados por un periodo de entrenamiento en la pretemporada sobre las variables antropométricas y derivadas en jugadores de baloncesto de élite. En la presente investigación participaron ocho jugadores profesionales de la liga ACB, con una edad de 26,8±5,4 años. Se realizaron dos valoraciones cineantropométricas aplicando los criterios establecidos por la International Society for the Advancement of Kynanthropometry. La primera medición (pre-test) se realizó justo antes de comenzar la pretemporada, mientras que la segunda medición (post-test) fue realizada 14 días después. Se encontró una disminución significativa del peso, el pliegue de la cresta ilíaca, abdominal y muslo, el perímetro de la cintura, el sumatorio de seis y ocho pliegues, la ratio cintura/cadera y en el porcentaje y peso graso. También se halló un aumento significativo del porcentaje de masa muscular. En conclusión, se ha hallado que catorce días de pretemporada son suficientes para provocar cambios en algunos parámetros antropométricos, sobre todo los relacionados con la adiposidad, así como en la composición corporal, más concretamente sobre la masa grasa y muscular.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a preseason training focused on anthropometric and derived variables in elite basketball players. Eight professional players from ACB, with a mean age of 26.8±5.4 years old, participated in this study. Anthropometric evaluations were taken according with the criteria of the International Society for the Advancement of Kynanthropometry. The first test was done before the preseason began (pre-test), meanwhile the second one was taken 14 days after (post-test). Significant decreases were found in weight, iliac crest, abdominal and thigh skinfolds, waist girth, six and eight skinfold thickness sums, waist/hip ratio, and fat percentage and mass. Also, muscle mass significantly increased. In conclusion, fourteen preseason training days are sufficient to produce changes in some anthropometric parameters, especially those related to adiposity, as well as in body composition, specifically in fat and muscle mass.
References
Abella del Campo, M., Escortell, R., Sospedra, I., Norte-Navarro, A., Martínez-Rodríguez, A., & Martinez-Sanz, J. (2015). Características cineantropométricas en jugadores de baloncesto adolescentes. Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética, 20(1), 23-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.20.1.179
Cabañas, M., Maestre, M., & Herrero, A. (2008). Estudio de dos propuestas sobre el modelo "phantom" de proporcionalidad de Ross y Wilson. Biomecánica, 16(1), 7-12.
Carling, C. & Orhant, E. (2010). Variation in Body Composition in Professional Soccer Players: Interseasonal and Intraseasonal Changes and the Effects of Exposure Time and Player Position. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(5), 1332-1339.
Cohen J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral science. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Costa, I. A. (2005). Características Físico-Fisiológicas de los Jugadores de Basquetbol. G-SE.COM, 729, 1-7.
De Rose, E. H. & Guimaraes, A. C. (1980). A model for optimization of somatotype in young athletes. In: Ostyn M.; Buenen G.; Simons J. Kinanthropometry II. Baltimore, University Park Press.
Del Pozo, J., Olcina, G., Brazo, J., Robles, C., & Muñoz, D. (2009). Valoración de la composición corporal en jovenes jugadores de baloncesto y diferencias entre categorías de las selecciones territoriales de extremadura. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 9(Suppl.), 77.
Esparza-Ros, F. (1993). Manual de Cineantropometría. Madrid: Grupo Español de Cineantropometría.
Fuke, K., Dal Pupo, J., & Corrêa, S. (2009). Evaluación de la composición corporal y de la flexibilidad en futbolistas profesionales en diferentes etapas del ciclo de entrenamiento. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 129(26), 7-13.
Garthe, I., Raastad, T., Refsnes, P. E., Koivisto, A., & Sundgot-Borgen, J. (2011). Effect of two different weight-loss rates on body composition and strength and power-related performance in elite athletes. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 21(2), 97-104.
Gaurav, V., Singh, M., & Singh, S. (2010). Anthropometric characteristics, somatotyping and body composition of volleyball and basketball players. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Management, 1(3), 28-32.
Guedes, D. (2012). Clinical procedures used for analysis of the body composition. Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, 15(1), 113-129.
Godoy-Cumillaf, A. E., Cárcamo-Araneda, C. R., Hermosilla-Rodríguez, F. P., Oyarzún-Ruíz, J. P., & Viveros-Herrera, J. F. (2015). Estado nutricinal mediante parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos de basquetbolistas universitarias. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 32(6), 2828-2831.
Helms, E. R., Aragon, A. A., & Fitschen, P. J. (2014). Evidence-based recommendations for natural bodybuilding contest preparation: nutrition and supplementation. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 11(20).
Hoare, D. (2000). Predicting success in junior elite basketball players - the contribution of anthropometic and physiological attributes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 3(4), 391-405.
Hoffman, M. D., Lebus, D. K., Ganong, A. C., Casazza, G. A., & Loan, M. (2010). Body composition of 161-km ultramarathoners. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31, 106-109.
Jelicic, M., Sekulic, D., & Marinovic, M. (2002). Anthropometric characteristics of high level European junior basketball players. Collegium Antropologicum, 26, 69-76.
Kerr, D. (1988). An anthropometric method for fractionation of skin, adipose, bone, muscle and residual tissue masses in male and female, age 6 to 77 years. Thesis publicated, Burnaby: Simon Fraser University.
Latorre, P. A., Salas, J., & Soto-Hermoso, V. M. (2012). Composición corporal relacionada con la salud en atletas veteranos. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 27(4), 1236-1243.
Matiegka, J. (1921). The testing of physical efficiency. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 4, 223-230.
Ostojic, S. (2003). Seasonal alterations in body composition and sprint performance of elite soccer players. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 6(3), 24-27.
Popovic, S., Akpinar, S., Jaksic, D., Matic, R., & Bjelica, D. (2013) Comparative study of anthropometric measurement and body composition between elite soccer and basketball players. International Journal of Morphology, 31(2), 461-467.
Puentes, J. & Díaz, R.E. (2016). Correlación entre los factores antropométricos y la fuerza explosiva del tren inferior en jugadores jóvenes de baloncesto masculino. Santo Tomas: Universidad de Santo Tomás, Chile.
Ramos, D., Rubio, J., Martínez, F., Esteban, P., & Jiménez, J. (2010). Características fisiológicas, podológicas y somatométricas del jugador profesional de baloncesto. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 27(136), 84-94.
Rivera-Sosa, J. (2016). Propiedades Antropométricas y Somatotipo de Jugadores de Baloncesto de Diferente Nivel Competitivo. International Journal of Morphology, 34(1), 179-188.
Rivera-Sosa, J., Martínez, C. P., & Ortiz-Gómez, O. R. (2017). Perfil antropométrico y de proporcionalidad en jugadores de baloncesto mexicano. Revista Mexicana de Investigación en Cultura Física y Deporte, 6(8), 18-34.
Rocha, M. S. L. (1975). Peso ósseo do brasileiro de ambos os sexos de 17 a 25 años. Argentina Anatomía Antropológica, 1, 445-451.
Ross W. D. & Wilson N. C. (1974). A stratagem for proportional growth assessment. Children in Exercise. In: Hebbelinck M. & Borms J. (eds). ACTA Paediatrica Belgica (Suppl 28): 169-182.
Siders, W. A., Bolonchuk, W. W., & Lukaski, H .C. (1991) Effects of participation in a collegiate sport season on body composition. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 31, 571-576.
Stewart, A., Marfell-Jones, M., Olds, T., & de Ridder, H. (2011). International standards for anthropometric assessment. Portsmouth: International Society for Advancement in Kinanthropometry.
Tárrega L. & Canda, A. (2010). Composición corporal del jugador de baloncesto. En F. Drobnic, J. Puigdellívol, & T. Bové (Ed.) Bases científicas para la salud y un óptimo rendimiento en baloncesto. Madrid: Ergón.
Terry, R. B., Wood, P. D., Haskell, W. L., Stefanick, M. L., & Krauss, R. M. (1989). Regional adiposity patterns in relation to lipids, lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein subfractions mass in men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 68(1), 191-199.
Torres-Unda, J., Zarrazquin, I., Gil, J., Ruiz, F., Irazusta, A., Kortajarena, … Irazusta, J. (2013). Anthropometric, physiological and maturational characteristics in selected elite and non-elite male adolescent basketball players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(2), 196-203.
Vaquera, A., Santos, S., Villa, J. G., Morante, J. C., & García-Tormo, V. (2015). Anthropometric characteristics of Spanish professional basketball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 46, 99-106.
Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., Alacid, F., Esparza-Ros, F., López-Plaza, D., Muyor, J. M., & López-Miñarro, P. A. (2016a). The effects of a reformer Pilates program on body composition and morphological characteristics in active women after a detraining period. Women & Health, 56(7), 784-806.
Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., Alacid, F., Esparza-Ros, F., Muyor, J. M., & López-Miñarro, P. A. (2016b). Efectos de un programa de 16 semanas de Pilates mat sobre las variables antropométricas y la composición corporal en mujeres adultas activas tras un corto proceso de desentrenamiento. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 31(4), 1738-1747.
Vargas M., Lancheros L., & Barrera M. (2011). Energy expenditure in repose related to body composition in adults. Revista de la Facultad de Meddicina, 59, 43-58.
Würch, A. (1974). La femme et le sport. Médecine Sport Francais, 4, 441-445.
Yuhasz, M. S. (1974). Physical Fitness Manual. Ontario: West Ontario University.
Ziv, G. & Lidor, R. (2009) Physical attributes, physiological characteristics, on-court performances and nutritional strategies of female and male basketball players. Sports Medicine, 39(7), 547-568.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
