Revisión sistemática del entrenamiento de fuerza en futbolistas pre-adolescentes y adolescentes (Systematic review of strength training in preadolescent and adolescent football players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i41.82487Palabras clave:
Fútbol, Pre-adolescente, Adolescente, Fuerza, Entrenamiento, Revisión, (Physical condition, physical exercise, football, children, training program, youth)Resumen
El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática sobre los efectos de los programas de fuerza utilizados en futbolistas varones pre-adolescentes y adolescentes. Se analizaron un total de veinticinco artículos, en español o en inglés, a raíz de la búsqueda en PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge y SportDiscus. Se encontró que el entrenamiento pliométrico, seguido del entrenamiento de fuerza-resistencia y el entrenamiento isoinercial, por ese orden, son los comúnmente empleados para el entrenamiento de fuerza en futbolistas pre-adolescentes y adolescentes. Sin embargo, en función del estado madurativo, y del bagaje motriz del jugador, parecen generar diferentes adaptaciones en estos, y por tanto, requieren de una individualización de la carga de entrenamiento en función de su nivel tanto físico, como técnico.
Abstract. The aim of the study was to do a systematic review about the effects of strength programs used in pre-adolescent and adolescent male football players. A total of twenty-five articles, in Spanish or English, were analyzed by searching PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and SportDiscus. Plyometric training, followed by strength-resistance training and isoinertial training, in that order, were found to be commonly used for strength training in pre-adolescent and adolescent footballers. However, depending on the maturation state, and the player's motor experience, they seem to generate different adaptations in these, and therefore, require an individualization of the training load depending on their physical and technical level.
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