Motivaciones para la práctica deportiva en escolares federados y no federados (Motivations for practicing sports in federate and non-federate students)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i25.34485Keywords:
deporte, deporte federado, adolescentes, autodeterminación, ejercicio físico, piragüismo.Abstract
En este artículo se analiza el perfil motivacional hacia la práctica de ejercicio físico entre los escolares de varios centros educativos a través de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación de Deci y Ryan, diferenciando los resultados en función del sexo, el modo de la práctica deportiva (federado vs. no federado) y el deporte practicado; así como conocer la influencia de la implantación de una unidad de iniciación en el ámbito escolar en la práctica de este deporte en horario extracurricular. Un total de 306 alumnos/as de 5º de primaria a 4º de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) con edades comprendidas entre los 9 y 16 años, los cuales pertenecían a centros educativos en los cuales se había dado una unidad didáctica de iniciación al piragüismo, completaron la versión en castellano del BREQ-2. Los resultados mostraron que sólo el 57.2% de los sujetos practicaban deporte federado, siendo la mayoría de ellos hombres. Se ha encontrado que los estudiantes tenían puntuaciones altas en motivación intrínseca, moderadas en regulación identificada y regulación introyectada, bajas en regulación externa y muy bajas en desmotivación, mostrando quienes practican deporte federado unos niveles más altos de motivación intrínseca y la regulación identificada que los que hacían deporte no federado. Los hombres mostraron una mayor motivación intrínseca que las mujeres. No se encontraron diferencias en función de la modalidad deportiva practicada. El fútbol fue el deporte más practicado, seguido del piragüismo y el baloncesto.
Palabras clave: deporte, deporte federado, adolescentes, autodeterminación, ejercicio físico, piragüismo.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the motivational profile in physical exercise among students from various schools with the Deci & Ryan’ self-determination theory. The results were divided according to sex, mode of sport (federated vs non-federated) and the sport modality, as well as know the influence of the implantation of an initiation unit in the school in the practice of this sport in extracurricular schedule. A total of 306 male / female students from Elementary 5th to 4º ESO, with ages between 9 and 16, who belonged to schools in which there had been teaching a didactical unit of initiation to canoeing, completed the Spanish version of the BREQ-2. The results showed only a 57.2% of the students did federate sport, most of them being men. Students had high scores in intrinsic motivation, moderate scores in identified regulation and introjected regulation, low scores in external regulation, and very low scores in demotivation. Federated sport practitioners showing higher levels of intrinsic motivation and identified regulation than those who did not federated sport. Men showed greater intrinsic motivation than women. No differences were found depending on the sport modality practiced. Football is the most popular sport, followed by canoeing and basketball.
Key words: sport, federated sport, teenagers, self-determination, physical exercise, canoeing.
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