Challenges and Issues Encountered by Elite Coaches in Developing Student-Athletes at Malaysian Sports Schools
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.104742Keywords:
Elite coach, student-athlete's development, challenges, issues, Malaysian sports schoolAbstract
The Malaysian Sports School (MSS) is a governmental institution under the purview of the Ministry of Education Malaysia. It is a specialised institution that prioritises sports education and training for exceptionally gifted young athletes. The primary goal of MSS is to create a conducive environment for students to thrive in both academic and athletic pursuits. It is imperative to enhance the domain of sports at the school level in order to optimise the performance and accomplishments of student-athletes across different sports disciplines. Hence, this study aims to investigate the specific problems and obstacles encountered by top-tier coaches at MSS in nurturing gifted student-athletes The study employed the Qualitative Method, specifically utilising the Evolved Grounded Theory approach developed by Strauss and Corbin. Data was gathered from ten elite coaches in five MSS using in-depth semi-structured open interviews, observation, and document analysis. The purpose was to identify the primary issues and challenges they encountered. The data were transcribed exactly as spoken and analysed using Atlas. ti 8.0 software, following the recommended approach of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding as proposed by Strauss and Corbin. The study's findings indicate that coaching presents three primary challenges: 1) Roles and Responsibilities, 2) Performance goals, and 3) External Factors. In addition, there are three primary coaching issues: 1) Facilities, 2) Maintenance, and 3) Transportation. Hence, this discovery will assist MSS stakeholders, particularly the ministry and other stakeholders, in recognising and addressing areas that can be enhanced and reinforced for the mentoring and growth requirements of student athletes. This will ensure that MSS plays a pivotal role in cultivating skilled student athletes who can represent Malaysia in the future.
Keywords: Elite coach, student-athlete's development, challenges, issues, challenges, Malaysian sports school.
References
Ahmad N. (2021). Tahap kecergasan fizikal antara atlet sukan individu dan atlet sukan berpasukan di Sekolah Sukan Malaysia Pahang.[Unpublished master's dissertation]. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Ahmad A. (1999). Program latihan sukan: Amalan jurulatih tempatan. [Master’s dissertation]. Universiti Putra Malaysia. Available from: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/9113/1/FPP_1999_7_A.pdf
Akbar, A., Karim, Z. A., Zakaria, J., Hazely, F., Mohamed, A. R., Imami, M. K. W., & Rahman, M. A. (2024). Exploring the fundamental aspect of grassroot football academy: A case study in indonesia. Retos, 53, 280–287. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/index
Allen, J. B., & Howe, B. L. (1998). Player ability, coach feedback, and female adolescent athletes perceived competence and satisfaction. Journal Of Exercise and Exercise Psychology, 20, 280–299. https://www.storre.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/8939/1/AllenandHowe_JSEP_1998.pdf
Amorose, A. J., & Horn, T. S. (2001). Pre- to post-season changes in the intrinsic motivation of first year college athletes: relationships with coaching behavior and scholarship status. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13(4), 355–373. https://doi.org/10.1080/104132001753226247
Aznar-Ballesta, A., & Vernetta, M. (2023). Enjoyment and motivation in the practice of physical activity and satisfaction with sports services during adolescence. Retos, 47, 51–60.https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.94
Balabanian, B. (2020). Transportation and its effect on student performance. Master Thesis in Geographical Information Science. Lund University.https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=
&fileOId=9032280
Barker-Ruchti, N., Schubring, A., Aarresola, O., Kerr, R., Grahn, K., & McMahon, J. (2018). Producing success: A critical analysis of athlete development governance in six countries. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 10(2), 215-234. doi:10.1080/19406940.2017.1348381
Basri, N. J. B. (2018). Penerimaan sokongan sosial dan status kesihatan mental berdasarkan jantina dalam kalangan atlet pelajar di Sekolah Sukan Malaysia. Malaysia Outdoor Recreation, 46–50. https://repository.unpas.ac.id/43911/1/Book%201%20Malaysia%20Outdoor%20Recreation%2015%20ogos.pdf#page=31
Camilo, J., Almeida, J. C. S., & Galán, C. H. (2024). Suicide in the Context of Elite Sport: a Meta-Ethnographic Synthesis: a Meta-Ethnographic Synthesis. Retos, 54, 633-641. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/article/view/103459/7
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc. https://my1lib.org/book/50231
/3ad332
Deborah, D. T. G., Larissa, L. R. G., & Fabrício, F. V. do A. V. (2023). How to evaluate soccer coaches’ communication? Retos, 47, 1031–1040. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.95568
Deraman, H. H., Daud, M. A., & Samad, R. S. A. (2017). Pelaksanan pengurusan pasukan bola sepak untuk program sukan prestasi tinggi sekolah Malaysia. Jurnal Kurikulum Dan Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 5(2), 55–65. https://jice.um.edu.my/index.php/JUKU/article/view/8221/5692
Desa, A. M., & Salamuddin, N. (2022). Tahap kompetensi jurulatih sukan dalam melaksanakan latihan. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(3), e001358-e001358. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i3.1358
Din, A., Abd Rashid, S., & Awang, M. I. (2015). Aspek pengurusan program latihan dan kesannya terhadap kepuasan atlet sekolah sukan. International Journal of Management Studies, 22(1), 73-95. https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/ijms/article/view/10421
Din, A., Rashid, S. A., Sufian, A., Nazarudin, M. N., & Suppiah, P. K. (1980). Faktor peramal kepuasan kerja terhadap gaya kepimpinan jurulatih Sekolah Sukan Malaysia. Universitas Malaysia Sabah, 35, 1–22. http://eprints.iab.edu.my/v2/12/1/Baru_edited_1705.Sukan-Amaluddin_suku.pdf
Edwards, A. (2021). A Parallel Journey: The varied roles of coaching in an elite athlete's transition to a second career. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching & Mentoring, 15. doi: 10.24384/14xj-mh09
Flach, M. C., MacIel, L. F. P., Dallegrave, E. J., Collet, C., Benites, L. C., Duek, V. P., Farias, G. O., & Folle, A. (2023). Study routine of athletes-students during sports development. Retos, 47, 228–237. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.90915
Friese, S. (2002). Qualitative data analysis with ATLAS.ti. ATLAS.Ti - Workshop Booklet, 1–23.
Furley, P., Laborde, S., Robazza, C., & Lane, A. (2023). Emotions in sport. In Sport And Exercise Psychology: Theory And Application (pp. 247-279). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368819586
Hackfort, D., & Schinke, R. J. (2020). The routledge international encyclopedia of sport and exercise psychology: Volume 1: Theoretical and methodological concepts. Routledge.
Hennink, M., Hutter, I., & Bailey, A. (2020). Qualitative research methods. Sage.
Irwahand, F. N. E., Mat-Rasid, S. M., Lee, J. L. F., Elumalai, G., Shahril, M. I., & Ahmad, M. A. I. (2022). Perceived barriers to adopting information and communication technology in physical education. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 26(5), 291–299. https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0503
Ishak, A. W. (2017). Communication in sports teams: A review. Communication research trends, 36(4), 4-38. http://cscc.scu.edu/trends/v36/CRT_v36_n4_December_2017.pdf
Karim, Z. A. (2016). Malaysian football coaches: The key challenges. International Journal of Health, Physical Education and Computer Science in Sports, 24(1), 18-24.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321308
_Malaysian_Football_Coaches_The_Key_Challenges
Karim, Z.A., Razak, A. N., Nadzalan, A. M. (2018). Designing model of career path development for National Football Development Program (NFDP): directions, issues, challenges and sources of knowledge that influence and develop coaching expertise level. Int J Acad Res Bus Soc Sci. 2018;8(3):542-50. http://dx.doi: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i3/3948
Karim, Z. A., & Nadzalan, A. M. (2017). The development of coaching knowledge among Malaysian accredited football coaches. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 6(4), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v6-i4/3529
Kaushik, D., & Mukherjee, U. (2022). High-performance work system: a systematic review of literature. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 30(6), 1624-1643.https://doi.org/10.1108/I/JO
A-07-2020-2282
Khan, W., Khan, S., Arif, T., & Khan, S. R. (2020). Challenges in perspective of life skills acquisition; implication for placement of life skills in university curriculum. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 24(4), 189–194. https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2020.0406
KPM. (2021). Sekolah Sukan Malaysia. https://www.moe.gov.my/pendidikan/pendidikan-menengah/sekolah-sukan-malaysia
Lara-Bercial, S., Bales, J., & North, J. (2020). Coaching around the world: On becoming a profession. Coaching for human development and performance in sports, 93-121. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63912-9_6
Lebar O. (2018). Penyelidikan kualitatif: Pengenalan kepada teori dan metode. Edisi ke-2. Tanjung Malim: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Lohr, S. L. (2021). Sampling: design and analysis. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
MacIntyre, G., Cogan, N. A., Stewart, A. E., Quinn, N., Rowe, M., & O’Connell, M. (2019). What’s citizenship got to do with mental health? Rationale for inclusion of citizenship as part of a mental health strategy. Journal of Public Mental Health, 18(3), 157-161.https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/67575/1/MacIntyre_etal_J
PMH_2019_Whats_citizenship_got_to_do_with_mental_health_rationale_for_inclusion.pdf
Maciel, L. F. P., Farias, G. O., Dallegrave, E. J., Flach, M. C., do Nascimento, J. V., & Folle, A. (2022). Sports and school involvement and performance: a systematic review of literature. Retos, 47, 12–24. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.90498
Martens, R. (2023). Successful coaching. Excerpt from successful coaching (3rd ed.). https://www.lombardparks.
com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Better-Practice-Planning.pdf
Martens, R., & Vealey, R. S. (2023). Successful coaching. Human kinetics.
Merriam, S.B., Grenier, R. S. (2019). Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis. John Wiley & Sons
Mohd Rasyid N. 2009. Motif penglibatan, orientasi matlamat dan gaya kepimpinan jurulatih dari perspektif atlet. https://ir.upsi.edu.my/files/docs/2020/922_922.pdf. [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Mohd Judan, M. H., Awang, M. M., & Othman, N. (2022). Isu dan cabaran pelajar atlet dalam mengimbangi pencapaian akademik dan sukan. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(8), e001682. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i8.1682
Nicholls, A. R. (2021). Psychology in sports coaching: Theory and practice. Routledge.
Noor, N. M. (2014). Hubungan tingkah laku kejurulatihan dengan motivasi atlet bola sepak di sekolah sukan Malaysia [Unpublished master's dissertation]. Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Patiño, B. A. B., Ramírez, F. J. P, & Prieto, J. R. (2024). Importance of learning to learn competence in Colombian university students based on multivariate analysis: challenges, opportunities and challenges for education. Retos, (55), 613-623. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/article/view/103860/77355
Patton MQ. 2002. Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc
Pestano, R. D., & Ibarra, F. P. (2021). Assessment on the implementation of special program in sports and student-athletes performance in sports competition. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(4), 791-796. https://www.hrpub.org/download/20210630/SAJ25-19923647.pdf
Purnomo, E., Ma’mum, A., Kusmaedi, N., Hendrayana, Y., Jermaina, N., Amirudin, A., Fitryona, N., & Sari, D. M. (2024). Integration of social values through sport. Retos, 2041, 144–153. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.102459
Ramalu, R. R., Karim, Z. A., & Elumalai, G. (2021). Malaysian state sports schools football coaching process key themes development: Constant comparison method in data analysis. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humani-ties, 29(3). https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.3.04
Rosalejos, R. M., & Lubos, L. C. (2019). Coaches’ coaching competencies and student athletes’ sports achievement. Liceo Journal of Higher Education Research, 15(2), 86–119. https://doi.org/10.7828/ljher.v15
i2.1324
Saunders, B., Sim, J., Kingstone, T., Baker, S., Waterfield, J., Bartlam, B., Burroughs, H., & Jinks, C. (2018). Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Quality and Quantity, 52(4), 1893–1907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0574-8
Schulenkorf, N., & Siefken, K. (2019). Managing sport-for-development and healthy lifestyles: The sport-for-health model. Sport Management Review, 22(1), 96-107.https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/128572
/3/DB10702D-3EA7-42CD-B8A5-E5136EB09FD8%20%20%20am.pdf
Seman, M., Ghani, M. F. A., Ali, S. K. S., Hamid, R., & Som, M. F. M. (2021). Tahap keberkesanan sekolah sukan di Malaysia. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 8(1), 61–87. https://mojes.um.edu.my/index.php/JUPID
I/article/view/28476/12761
Siedentop, D., Hastie, P., & Van der Mars, H. (2019). Complete guide to sport education. 3rd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Snarr, R. L., & Beasley, V. L. (2022). Personal, work-, and client-related burnout within strength and conditioning coaches and personal trainers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 36(2), e31-e40. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003956
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. M. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications Inc. Retrieved from https://my1lib.org/book/2495402/ad9a84
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. M. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Inc. Retrieved from https://my1lib.org/book/936340/352219
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basic of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and technique. Newbury Park, Calif: Sage Publications. https://books.google.com.my/books?id=4jC2AAAAIAAJ&sou
rce=gbs_book_other_versions
Subijana, C. L. D., Martin, L. J., Tejón, O., & Côté, J. (2021). Adolescent athletes’ perceptions of both their coachs’ leadership and their personal motivation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 128(2), 813-830. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512520985760
Wasserbauer, M. (2023). The effect of sports infrastructure and competence of sports teachers on sport interest. Siber International Journal of Sport Education (SIJSE), 1(1), 10-17. doi:10.38035/sijse.v1i1.18
Yin, W. (2023). A review of research on the impact of high-performance work system on employee job perfor-mance. Highlights in Business, Economics and Management, 8, 464-472. doi:10.54097/hbem.v8i.7247
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Retos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.