Características psicológicas individuales de los jugadores de fútbol sub-17 en Indonesia y Malasia: enfoque desde la psicología del deporte (Individual psychological characteristics of under-17 football players in Indonesia and Malaysia: sport psychology approach)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.107674Palabras clave:
Individuales, Características Psicológicas, Vías De Desarrollo, Fútbol, Indonesia, MalaysiaResumen
El fútbol es complejo porque involucra aspectos físicos, competencia técnica, capacidad de comprensión de tácticas y condiciones psicológicas. Este estudio se centra en explorar las características psicológicas que necesitan los jugadores de fútbol sub-17 en Indonesia y Malasia para convertirse en jugadores de fútbol profesionales en el futuro. El investigador utilizó un método cualitativo con un enfoque de teoría fundamentada para encontrar estas características psicológicas. El investigador realizó entrevistas, observaciones y análisis de documentos para recopilar datos de 25 entrenadores de fútbol en Indonesia y Malasia que ya tienen una licencia de entrenador de fútbol y tienen al menos cinco años de experiencia como entrenadores de fútbol sub-17 que participaron en este estudio. Se espera que la licencia y el conocimiento de los entrenadores sean fuentes valiosas de información en este estudio. Los datos recopilados se analizaron a través de varios pasos, comenzando por la codificación abierta, la codificación axial y la codificación selectiva, para encontrar temas que surgieron de la información del entrenador. Además, para facilitar la agrupación de datos, el investigador también realizó un análisis de datos con la ayuda de un software de investigación cualitativa, a saber, NVivo 14. Este estudio encontró cinco características psicológicas que pueden ayudar a los jugadores de fútbol sub-17 a ascender profesionalmente. La primera característica es el aspecto cognitivo de la capacidad intelectual del jugador, el establecimiento de objetivos, la imaginación, la concentración y la voluntad. En segundo lugar, los factores afectivos implican la confianza en uno mismo, la felicidad, la motivación y el autocontrol. En tercer lugar, los factores conductuales incluyen la disciplina, la actitud, el compromiso y el respeto. En cuarto lugar, los factores de personalidad incluyen el coraje, la adaptabilidad y la fortaleza mental. El último factor es el aspecto espiritual, que requiere que los jugadores tengan rituales y culto social. El elemento psicológico no es el factor principal en el éxito de los futbolistas, pero es un factor determinante. Con el desarrollo de la colaboración científica para el fútbol, los entrenadores de fútbol o las partes interesadas en Indonesia y Malasia pueden utilizar los resultados de este estudio como base para crear programas para el desarrollo del fútbol en ambos países.
Palabras clave: individuales, características psicológicas, vías de desarrollo, fútbol, Indonesia, Malaysia
Abstract. Football is complex because it involves physical aspects, technical competence, the ability to understand tactics, and psychological conditions. This study focuses on exploring the psychological characteristics needed by U17 football players in Indonesia and Malaysia to become professional football players in the future. The researcher used a qualitative method with a grounded theory approach to find these psychological characteristics. The researcher conducted interviews, observations, and document analysis to collect data from 25 football coaches in Indonesia and Malaysia who already have a football coaching license and have at least five years of experience as U17 football coaches who were participants in this study. The license and knowledge of the coaches are expected to be valuable sources of information in this study. The data collected were analyzed through several steps, starting from open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, to find themes that emerged from the coach's information. In addition, to facilitate data grouping, the researcher also conducted data analysis with the help of software in qualitative research, namely NVivo 14. This study found five psychological characteristics that can help U17 football players to rise professionally. The first characteristic is the cognitive aspect of the player's intellectual ability, goal setting, imagery, focus, and willingness. Second, affective factors involve self-confidence, happiness, motivation, and self-control. Third, behavioral factors include discipline, attitude, commitment, and respect. Fourth, personality factors include courage, adaptability, and mental toughness. The last factor is the spiritual aspect, which requires players to have ritual and social worship. The psychological element is not the main factor in the success of football players, but it is a determining factor. With the development of scientific collaboration for football, football coaches or stakeholders in Indonesia and Malaysia can use the results of this study as a basis for creating programs for the development of football in both countries.
Keywords: individual, psychological characteristics, developmental pathways, football, Indonesia, Malaysia
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