La aptitud física, indicador de un desarrollo saludable en el preadolescente (Physical fitness, indicator of healthy preadolescent development)

Carmen Galán-Arroyo; David Manuel  Mendoza-Muñoz; Carlos Mañana-Iglesia; Jorge Rojo-Ramos

doi:10.47197/retos.v52.99772

Autores/as

Carmen Galán-Arroyo University of Extremadura https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8750-0267
David Manuel Mendoza-Muñoz University of Extremadura
Carlos Mañana-Iglesia Universidad de Extremadura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2499-1473
Jorge Rojo-Ramos University of Extremadura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.99772

Palabras clave:

physical fitness; adolescents; self-perception.

Resumen

La condición física (FP) es un indicador importante en el desarrollo saludable de los niños preadolescentes, en este sentido, trabajar la FP es fundamental para generar una autopercepción positiva de la misma. El objetivo de este estudio es (1) analizar la FP autoreportada de alumnos de tercer ciclo de primaria, (2) estudiar si existen diferencias significativas en función de la localización del centro y del sexo de los participantes, y (3) investigar las correlaciones entre los ítems que componen la escala FP VAS y la edad. La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 522 participantes (10-12 años), 46% niños y 54% niñas % de 5º y 6º de educación primaria, donde el 46,4% estudió en escuelas rurales y el 53,4% en escuelas urbanas. Se utilizó la Escala Visual Analógica de Percepción de la Aptitud Física para Adolescentes (FP VAS A) para evaluar la PF autoinformada. Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre sexos (p<0,001), mostrando los niños puntuaciones más altas que las niñas en todos los ítems de la escala FP VAS A, a excepción de la flexibilidad global. Los estudiantes de centros rurales, con respecto a sus pares de centros urbanos, también mostraron puntuaciones significativamente más altas (p<0,001) en todos los ítems de la escala FP VAS A. No hubo correlación entre la PF autopercibida y la edad. En conclusión, la autopercepción de la FP y su control con este tipo de instrumentos podría ayudar a los preadolescentes a adoptar hábitos de vida activos y saludables para mejorar su percepción de la FP.

Palabras clave: aptitud física; preadolescentes; adolescencia temprana; autopercepción.

Abstract. Physical fitness (PF) is an important indicator in the healthy development of pre-adolescent children, in this sense, working on PF is essential to generate a positive self-perception of it. The aim of this study is to (1) analyze the self-reported PF of third cycle primary school students, (2) study whether there are significant differences depending on the location of the school and the sex of the participants, and (3) investigate the correlations between the items that make up the FP VAS scale and age. The sample consisted of a total of 522 participants (10-12 years old), 46% boys and 54% girls % of 5º and 6º primary education, where 46.4% studied in rural schools and 53.4% in urban schools. The Fitness Perception Visual Analogue Scale for Adolescents (FP VAS A) was used to assess self-reported PF. There were statistically significant differences between sexes (p<0.001), with boys showing higher scores than girls in all items of the FP VAS A scale, with the exception of global flexibility. Students from rural centers, with respect to their peers from urban centers, also showed significantly higher scores (p<0.001) in all items of the FP VAS A scale. There was no correlation between self-perceived PF and age. In conclusion, the self-perception of PF and its control with this type of instrument could help pre- adolescents to adopt active and healthy lifestyle habits to improve their perception of PF

Keywords: physical fitness; pre- adolescents; early adolescence; self-perception.

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