Los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento de resistencia de alta intensidad y fuerza excéntrica en el rendimiento de jugadores de balonmano (The effects of a high intensity resistance and eccentric strength training program on the performance of handball players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.98948Palabras clave:
Entrenamiento interválico, Push up Test, lanzamiento de balón medicinal, pretemporada.Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto del entrenamiento interválico y de fuerza con un enfoque en la fase excéntrica sobre la aptitud cardiovascular y la fuerza de los jugadores de balonmano de élite. Treinta jugadores de balonmano fueron reclutados y divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos, uno experimental (edad= 20,93±1,70; peso= 78,20±4,58; altura= 178,26±3,86) y un grupo control (edad= 21,40±1,76; peso= 77,64±5,92; altura= 176,87±4,43). Las variables de este estudio fueron la fuerza y resistencia muscular, la potencia y la aptitud cardiovascular. Fueron evaluados mediante la prueba de presión de pecho, lagartija, prueba de lanzamiento de balón medicinal y la prueba de Cooper, respectivamente. El programa de entrenamiento incluyó 12 semanas, cinco sesiones por semana, dos ejercicios aeróbicos y tres entrenamientos de resistencia muscular enfocados en la fase excéntrica. Para analizar el efecto del entrenamiento, se empleó una prueba t de muestras pareadas. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que hubo diferencias significativas antes y después de la prueba en la fuerza muscular (p = 0,001), la resistencia muscular (p = 0,001), la potencia muscular (p = 0,001) y la aptitud cardiovascular (p = 0,001). Los resultados del presente estudio indicaron que un programa de entrenamiento de resistencia y de intervalos centrado en la fase excéntrica de 12 semanas mejoró la fuerza, la resistencia, la potencia y la aptitud cardiovascular de los jugadores de balonmano de élite.
Palabras claves: Entrenamiento interválico, Push up Test, lanzamiento de balón medicinal, pretemporada.
Abstract. This study aimed to was to determine the effect of interval and resistance training with a focus on the eccentric phase on the cardiovascular fitness and strength of elite handball players. Thirty handball players were recruited and randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (age= 20.93±1.70; weight= 78.20±4.58; height= 178.26±3.86) and a control group (age= 21.40±1.76; weight= 77.64±5.92; height= 176.87±4.43). The variables of this study were muscle strength and stamina, power, and cardiovascular fitness. They were assessed by chest press test, push-up, medicine ball throw test, and the Cooper Test, respectively. The training program took place over 12 weeks, with five sessions per week, consisting of two aerobic exercises, and three muscular resistance training exercises focused on the eccentric phase. To analyze the effect of training, a paired sample t-test was employed. The results of this study showed that there were significant pre- to post-test differences in muscle strength (p=0.001), muscle stamina (p=0.001), muscle power (p=0.001), and cardiovascular fitness (p=0.001). The results of the present study indicated that a 12-week eccentric-focused interval and resistance training program improved the strength, stamina, power, and cardiovascular fitness of elite handball players.
Keywords: Interval training, Push up Test, medicine ball throw, preseason.
Citas
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