Creencias sobre el dolor lumbar en estudiantes de fisioterapia (Beliefs about low back pain in physiotherapy students)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.98042Palabras clave:
Dolor, Dolor lumbar, Creencias negativas sobre dolor lumbar, Mitos de Deyo, Estudiantes de fisioterapiaResumen
El dolor lumbar es un problema de salud global y su nivel de discapacidad depende, entre otras variables, de las creencias negativas de los pacientes respecto del dolor. Evidencia sostiene que dichas creencias están asociadas con las que poseen sus profesionales tratantes, por lo que es importante identificar cómo evolucionan durante la formación de pregrado de los profesionales sanitarios. El objetivo de este estudio transversal fue determinar la presencia de creencias negativas sobre dolor lumbar en estudiantes de fisioterapia y compararlas entre distintos cursos del ciclo formativo. Participaron estudiantes de segundo a quinto año de fisioterapia de una universidad chilena, quienes completaron una encuesta basada en los siete mitos sobre dolor lumbar de Deyo y respondieron según su grado de acuerdo con los enunciados. Los resultados fueron comparados entre los diferentes niveles. 127 estudiantes completaron la encuesta (57 hombres y 70 mujeres). Los mitos 1, 2, 4, 6 y 7 se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en segundo año y tendieron a disminuir progresivamente en los cursos superiores. Los mitos 3 y 5 presentaron un patrón distributivo menos claro. Los estudiantes de segundo nivel presentaron un mayor grado de acuerdo con los mitos, los de tercer nivel presentaron mayor inseguridad en las respuestas, mientras que los alumnos de cuarto y quinto nivel presentaron mayor desacuerdo con los mitos. En conclusión, las creencias negativas sobre dolor lumbar pueden encontrarse presentes en estudiantes de fisioterapia, pero éstas tienden a modificarse positivamente a lo largo de su proceso formativo.
Palabras claves: Dolor; Dolor Lumbar; Creencias negativas sobre dolor lumbar; Mitos de Deyo; Estudiantes de fisioterapia.
Abstract. Low back pain is a global health problem, and its level of disability depends, among other variables, on patients' negative beliefs regarding pain. Evidence supports that these beliefs are associated with those held by their treating professionals, so it is important to identify how they evolve during the undergraduate training of health professionals. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the presence of negative beliefs about low back pain in physical therapy students and compare them between different courses of the training cycle. Second, to fifth-year physiotherapy students from a Chilean university participated; they completed a survey based on Deyo's seven myths about low back pain and responded according to their degree of agreement with the statements. The results were compared between the different levels. 127 students completed the survey (57 males and 70 females). Myths 1, 2, 4, 6, and 7 were presented more frequently in the second year and tended to decrease progressively in higher grades. Myths 3 and 5 presented a less clear distributional pattern. Second-level students presented a higher degree of agreement with the myths, and third-level students presented greater insecurity in the answers. In contrast, fourth and fifth-level students presented greater disagreement with the myths. In conclusion, negative beliefs about low back pain may be present in physical therapy students, but these tend to modify positively throughout their formative process.
Keywords: Pain; Low back pain; Negative beliefs about low back pain; Deyo’s myths; Physical therapy students.
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