Efectos de un protocolo de calentamiento sprint y pliométrico sobre la altura y la potencia de salto vertical en jugadoras de voleibol adolescentes. Un estudio cruzado aleatorizado (Effects of a sprint and plyometric warm-up protocol on vertical jump height and power in adolescent fe-male volleyball players. A randomized crossover study)

Autores/as

  • Carlos S. Mancilla Universidad Arturo Prat, Carrera de Kinesiología. Facultad de ciencias de la salud. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3969-2254
  • Kimmy Hood Maldonado Universidad Santo Tomás, Magister en ciencias de la actividad física y deporte aplicadas al entrenamiento, rehabilitación y reintegro. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-3415
  • Matías Hebel Lorca Universidad Santo Tomás, Magister en ciencias de la actividad física y deporte aplicadas al entrenamiento, rehabilitación y reintegro. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2570-3322
  • Jeosselinee Castro Pérez Universidad Arturo Prat, Carrera de Kinesiología. Facultad de ciencias de la salud. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8780-2636
  • Paulina Muñoz Albarrán Universidad Arturo Prat, Carrera de Kinesiología. Facultad de ciencias de la salud. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8904-0804
  • Daniel Martínez-Lema Universidad Arturo Prat, Carrera de Kinesiología. Facultad de ciencias de la salud. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5287-2749
  • Juan P. López Pinilla Universidad Arturo Prat, Carrera de Kinesiología. Facultad de ciencias de la salud. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0628-8941
  • Francisco Guede-Rojas Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 7591538, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1870-1396

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.93852

Palabras clave:

ejercicio de calentamiento, voleibol, fuerza muscular, desempeño atlético, adolescente

Resumen

El propósito de este estudio fue comparar los efectos inmediatos de un protocolo de calentamiento pliométrico (PWU) y un protocolo de calentamiento de sprint (SWU) sobre el rendimiento de salto en jugadoras de vóleibol de 14-16 años. Mediante un diseño experimental cruzado, 18 jugadoras fueron divididas aleatoriamente en dos grupos, cada uno de los cuales recibió ambos protocolos de calentamiento (PWU y SWU). Antes y después de cada protocolo, se evaluó la altura y la potencia en las pruebas de salto en cuclillas (SJ), salto con contramovimiento (CMJ) y Abalakov (ABK) utilizando la alfombra de contacto DM jump®. Ambos protocolos de calentamiento mejoraron significativamente el rendimiento en SJ, CMJ y ABK (p<.05), aunque principalmente para la altura de salto. La comparación entre ambos protocolos de calentamiento en la post-prueba no mostró diferencias significativas (p>.05), aunque el mayor incremento porcentual en la altura y potencia de salto se obtuvo con el SWU. El ANOVA mostró diferencias significativas en el grupo 1 (inicialmente asignado a PWU) para todas las pruebas, excepto para la potencia de CMJ y de ABK. En el grupo 2 (asignado inicialmente a SWU), el ANOVA también mostró diferencias significativas, excepto para la potencia de SJ y de CMJ. Se concluye que ambos protocolos de calentamiento mejoran la altura y la potencia de salto; sin embargo, SWU muestra una tendencia más favorable que PWU. Desde una perspectiva práctica, los hallazgos de este estudio piloto pueden proporcionar directrices útiles para el proceso de calentamiento; sin embargo, se requieren más estudios controlados aleatorizados con una potencia estadística adecuada para obtener conclusiones más robustas.

Palabras claves: ejercicio de calentamiento, voleibol, fuerza muscular, desempeño atlético, adolescente

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effects of a plyometric warm-up protocol (PWU) and a sprint warm-up protocol (SWU) on jumping performance in female volleyball players aged 14-16 years. Through a cross-over experimental design, 18 female players were randomly divided into two groups, each receiving both warm-up protocols (PWU and SWU). Before and after each protocol, height and jumping power were evaluated in squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Abalakov (ABK) tests using the DM jump® contact mat. Both warm-up protocols significantly improved SJ, CMJ, and ABK performance (p<.05), although mainly for jump height. The comparison between both warm-up protocols in the post-test showed no significant differences (p>.05), although the greatest percentage increase in jump height and power was obtained with the SWU. The ANOVA showed significant differences in group 1 (initially assigned to PWU) for all tests except for CMJ and ABK power. In group 2 (initially assigned to SWU), the ANOVA also showed significant differences, except for SJ and CMJ power. It is concluded that both warm-up protocols improve jump height and power; however, SWU shows a more favorable trend than PWU. From a practical perspective, the preliminary findings of this pilot study can provide useful guidelines for the warm-up process; however, further randomized controlled studies with adequate statistical power are required for more robust conclusions.

Keywords: warm-up exercise, volleyball, muscle strength, athletic performance, adolescent

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2023-03-31

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S. Mancilla, C., Hood Maldonado, K., Hebel Lorca, M., Castro Pérez, J., Muñoz Albarrán, P., Martínez-Lema, D., López Pinilla, J. P., & Guede-Rojas, F. (2023). Efectos de un protocolo de calentamiento sprint y pliométrico sobre la altura y la potencia de salto vertical en jugadoras de voleibol adolescentes. Un estudio cruzado aleatorizado (Effects of a sprint and plyometric warm-up protocol on vertical jump height and power in adolescent fe-male volleyball players. A randomized crossover study). Retos, 48, 304–311. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.93852

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