Variaciones en rendimiento físico durante una temporada competitiva en jugadoras seleccionadas universitarias de soccer por posición de juego (Variations in physical performance during a competitive season in Mexican female varsity soccer players by playing position)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.98002Palabras clave:
soccer, femenil, 1RM, Sprint, AgilidadResumen
El futbol es uno de los deportes más populares a nivel mundial con un incremento reciente en el número de participantes mujeres, lo que exige un mayor rendimiento físico para esta población acorde al nivel competitivo, no obstante, los datos disponibles relacionados al rendimiento físico de futbolistas mexicanas son limitados, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los cambios temporales en el rendimiento físico durante una temporada competitiva en futbolistas universitarias. En el estudio participaron 19 jugadoras universitarias de futbol divididas en tres posiciones de juego (defensas, mediocampistas y delanteras). Todas completaron tres evaluaciones (T1, T2 y T3) que incluyeron: rendimiento de la resistencia aeróbica intermitente (30-15 intermittent fitness test [IFT]), altura de salto (salto contramovimiento [CMJ]), velocidad lineal (sprint de 20 y 40 m), agilidad (prueba T modificada) y fuerza máxima (1RM-SQ). En cuanto a los resultados, encontramos cambios de forma general a lo largo de la temporada donde destaca el sprint de 20-m en T2 (ES = 0.60; 90%CI: 0.22;0.97) y en 1RM-SQ en T2 (ES = 0.57; 90%CI: 0.16;0.98) y T3 (ES = 1.04; 90%CI: 0.63;1.44). Por posición los principales cambios fueron en VO2max30-15IFT en mediocampistas (ES = -0.86; 90%CI: -1.49;-0.23) en T2, así como en 1RM-SQ en todas las posiciones en T2 y T3 con cambios de moderado a grandes. La monitorización de las capacidades físicas a través de la temporada es muy importante para la elaboración de programas de entrenamiento individualizados para cada posición de juego.
Palabras clave: Soccer, Femenil, 1RM, Sprint, Agilidad
Abstract. Soccer is the most popular sport worldwide, with a recent increase in the number of women participating, demanding greater physical performance for this population according to the competition level. Nevertheless, available data regarding Mexican soccer players' physical performance are limited; therefore, this study aimed to investigate temporary changes in physical performance during a competitive season in university soccer players. Nineteen female players, divided into three player positions (defenders, midfielders, and forwards), participated in the study. All participants completed three evaluations (T1, T2, and T3) that included intermittent aerobic endurance performance (30-15 intermittent fitness test [IFT]), jump height (countermovement jump [CMJ]), linear speed (20-m and 40-m sprints), agility (modified T-test), and maximal strength (1RM-SQ). Regarding results, we found general changes during the season; among these, the 20-m sprint in T2 (ES = 0.60; 90% CI: 0.22; 0.97) and the 1RM-SQ in T2 (ES = 0.57; 90% CI: 0.16; 0.98) and T3 (ES = 1.04; 90%CI: 0.63;1.44) stand out. The main changes were in VO2max30-15IFT in midfielders (ES = -0.86; 90% CI: -1.49; -0.23) in T2 and 1RM-SQ in all positions in T2 and T3, with moderate to large changes. It is important to monitor physical ability during the season to prepare individualized training programs for each player's position.
Keywords: Soccer, Female, 1RM, Sprint, Agility.
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