Efecto del modelo de periodización del microciclo competitivo en la carga de entrenamiento de jóvenes futbolistas masculinos (Effect of the periodization model of the competitive microcycle on the training load of young male football players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.95050Palabras clave:
Percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo, recuperación, fútbol formativo, metodología, entrenamientoResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de dos modelos de periodización, caracterizados a partir tipología de las tareas realizadas, sobre la carga percibida por jóvenes futbolistas. Diecinueve jugadores sub-19 pertenecientes a la academia de un club profesional cuyo primer equipo milita en LaLiga formaron parte de este estudio. Durante seis semanas (tres de cada cuerpo técnico) fueron registradas la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo (Rated Perceived Exertion o RPE) y de la recuperación (Pain Assessment Tool o PAT) en las sesiones de entrenamiento y competición. Se realizaron comparaciones de las medias estandarizadas mediante inferencias basadas en magnitudes y se examinó el tamaño del efecto (d de Cohen). Los resultados mostraron que los valores de RPE fueron mayores con el Cuerpo Técnico 1 cuyos entrenamientos mostraron un particular manejo de las variables que configuran los juegos reducidos, número de jugadores y dimensiones del espacio principalmente, dependiendo del día de la semana. Los valores de recuperación del entrenamiento en los días previos al partido aumentaron en el Cuerpo Técnico 2 respecto al primero. Estos hallazgos muestran que el modelo de periodización, determinado por la tipología de tareas de entrenamiento y su distribución a lo largo de los días de entrenamiento del microciclo, parece tener un impacto particular en la percepción de los esfuerzos y la fatiga relativas al entrenamiento y la competición.
Palabras claves: Percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo, recuperación, fútbol formativo, metodología, entrenamiento.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two periodization models, characterized from the typology of the performed tasks, on the load perceived by young football players. Nineteen U-19 players belonging to the academy of a professional club whose first team plays in LaLiga took part in this study. The Rated Perceived Exertion (RPE) and perception of recovery (Pain Assessment Tool or PAT) in training and competition sessions were recorded during six weeks (three weeks of each coach staff). Comparisons of standardized means were made using magnitude-based inferences and the effect size (Cohen’s d). The results showed that RPE values were higher with Coaching Staff 1 whose training sessions showed a particular management of the variables that configure the small-sided games, mainly number of players and pitch size, depending on the day of the week. The recovery values of training in the days prior to the match increased in Coaching Staff 2 with respect to the first one. These findings show that the periodization model, determined by the typology of training tasks and their distribution over the weekly training days, seems to have a particular impact on the perception of effort and fatigue related to training and competition.
Keywords: Rated perceived exertion, recovery, grassroots football, methodology, training.
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