Comparando los contextos de juego semiprofesional y aficionado vía Competencia Futbolística (Conocimiento Táctico Procedimental) (Comparing semi-professional and amateur game contexts in a Gk+4 vs. 4+Gk via Football Competence (Procedural Tactical Knowledge))
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.94576Palabras clave:
rendimiento, toma de decisión, análisis comparativo, metodología observacional, juegos reducidosResumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el contexto de juego de la misma tarea (un juego reducido P+4 vs. 4+P) en dos grupos (8 semiprofesionales y 8 aficionados), comparando el conocimiento táctico procedimental de los jugadores. Se analizaron 1377 comportamientos tácticos a través del Sistema de Observación de Competiciones de Fútbol (FOCOS), evaluando el volumen y la eficiencia de 67 variables. Se calculó la prueba t de Student para muestras independientes y el tamaño del efecto d de Cohen. Utilizando la corrección de Bonferroni para controlar por la tasa de error familiar en cada criterio de la herramienta de observación, se encontraron diferencias significativas en 13 variables (volumen, n = 1; eficiencia, n = 12), con los siguientes tamaños de efecto (muy grande = 4; grande = 9). Los resultados revelaron que los contextos de juego difieren principalmente en la eficiencia de los comportamientos tácticos que tienen lugar fuera del centro de juego. Con base en este hallazgo, las variables enfocadas en la relación con el balón, ampliamente utilizadas para evaluar el rendimiento en deportes de equipo, deben ser juzgadas cuidadosamente al comparar jugadores de diferentes divisiones y categorías; y los entrenadores deben priorizar su atención en lo que sucede lejos del balón, en lugar de centrar la retroalimentación en los comportamientos tácticos que ocurren en el fragor de la acción.
Palabras clave: desempeño, toma de decisiones, análisis comparativo, metodología observacional, juegos reducidos
Abstract. This study aimed to analyze the game context of the same task (a reduced game P+4 vs. 4+P) in two groups (8 semi-professionals and 8 amateurs), comparing the procedural tactical knowledge of the players. 1377 tactical behaviors were analyzed through the Football Competition Observation System (FOCOS), evaluating the volume and efficiency of 67 variables. Student's t-test for independent samples and Cohen's d effect size were calculated. Using the Bonferroni correction to control for the family error rate in each criterion of the observation tool, significant differences were found in 13 variables (volume, n = 1; efficiency, n = 12), with the following sizes of effect (very large = 4; large = 9). The results revealed that game contexts differ mainly in the efficiency of tactical behaviors that take place outside the game center. Based on this finding, variables focused on the relationship with the ball, widely used to assess performance in team sports, must be carefully judged when comparing players from different divisions and categories; and coaches must prioritize their attention on what happens away from the ball, instead of focusing feedback on those tactical behaviors that occur in the heat of the action.
Keywords: performance, decision making, comparative analysis, observational methodology, reduced games
Citas
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Castellano, J. y Clemente, F. M. (2020). How much does ball possession influence match performance? Integrating physical and tactical data. En Barça Innovation Hub (Ed.), Football Analytics: Now and Beyond (pp. 94-109). FC Barcelona.
Castellano, J. y Echeazarra, I. (2019). Network-based centrality measures and physical demands in football regarding player position: Is there a connection? A preliminary study. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(23). https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1589919
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Folgado, H., Lemmink, K. A. P. M., Frencken, W. y Sampaio, J. (2014). Length, width and centroid distance as measures of teams tactical performance in youth football. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(SUPPL.1). https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.730060
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Garganta, J. (1997). Modelação táctica do jogo de Futebol: Estudo da organização da fase ofensiva em equipas de alto rendimento. En Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education. University of Porto.
Gibson, J. J. (1979). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Houghton Mifflin Company.
Gonçalves, B., Marcelino, R., Torres-Ronda, L., Torrents, C. y Sampaio, J. (2016). Effects of emphasising opposition and cooperation on collective movement behaviour during football small-sided games. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(14). https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1143111
González-Víllora, S., Serra-Olivares, J., Pastor-Vicedo, J. C. y Teoldo, I. (2015). Review of the tactical evaluation tools for youth players, assessing the tactics in team sports: football. SpringerPlus, 4, 663. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1462-0
Greco, P. J., Bastos, A. A., Noveli, E. B. ., Ferreira, E., Noce, F. ., Paula, P. ., Souza, P. y Costa, V. T. (1998). Análise do nível de conhecimento tático voleibol, handebol, futsal: resultado da avaliação dos jogos da juventude-1997. Publicações INDESP.
Gréhaigne, J.-F. y Godbout, P. (1995). Tactical knowledge in team sports from a constructivist and cognitivist perspective. Quest, 47, 490-505. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1995.10484171
Gréhaigne, J.-F., Godbout, P. y Bouthier, D. (1997). Performance Assessment in Team Sports. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 16(4), 500-516. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.16.4.500
Halouani, J., Chtourou, H., Gabbett, T., Chaouachi, A. y Chamari, K. (2014). Small-sided games in team sports training: A brief review. En Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research (Vol. 28, Número 12). https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000564
Hill-Haas, S. V., Dawson, B., Impellizzeri, F. M. y Coutts, A. J. (2011). Physiology of small-sided games training in football: A systematic review. En Sports Medicine (Vol. 41, Número 3, pp. 199-220). https://doi.org/10.2165/11539740-000000000-00000
Hopkins, W. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M. y Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. En Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise (Vol. 41, Número 1). https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278
Kirkhart, M. W. (2001). The nature of declarative and nondeclarative knowledge for implicit and explicit learning. Journal of General Psychology, 128(4), 447-461. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221300109598921
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2023-01-02
Cómo citar
Sánchez-López, R., Echeazarra, I., & Castellano, J. (2023). Comparando los contextos de juego semiprofesional y aficionado vía Competencia Futbolística (Conocimiento Táctico Procedimental) (Comparing semi-professional and amateur game contexts in a Gk+4 vs. 4+Gk via Football Competence (Procedural Tactical Knowledge)). Retos, 47, 419–429. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.94576
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