Prevalencia y factores de riesgo en lesiones de hombro en jugadores y jugadoras de balonmano. Revisión Sistemática (Prevalence and risk factors in shoulder injuries in male and female handball players. Systematic review)

Autores/as

  • Inés Lopez
  • Irimia Mollinedo Cardalda Universidad de Vigo
  • Karina Pitombeira Pereira Pedro
  • Iris Machado de Oliveira

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.93935

Palabras clave:

Prevalencia, Factores de riesgo, Lesión, Hombro, Balonmano., Prevalence, Risk factors, Injury, Shoulder, Handball.

Resumen

Introducción: El hombro es una de las estructuras más afectadas, en cuanto a las lesiones, en el balonmano. Objetivo:Describir de la tipología, prevalencia y los factores de riesgo de lesiones de hombro en balonmano. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de los cinco últimos años en seis bases de datos (Cinahl, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus, PubMed). Se seleccionaron 15 artículos, de los cuales 12 eran estudios observacionales y tres ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Resultados: Se presenta una prevalencia mayor en el lado dominante. Los factores de riesgo más salientables son: sexo mujer, déficit de rotación medial, debilidad de la musculatura rotadora, discinesia, dolor o inestabilidad a nivel de tronco o miembros inferiores, aumento de la carga deportiva e incluso la posición de juego en el campo. Además, con la edad también hay mayor prevalencia. En cuanto a los protocolos de prevención los resultados son dispares, es decir, sin resultados significativos o con aumento de la fuerza y disminución de la prevalencia de problemas de hombro. Conclusiones: Teniendo en cuenta los factores de riesgo, la mayor prevalencia en el hombro dominante y el incremento con la edad, parece ser necesario empezar con protocolos preventivos en la adolescencia. Para ello, se deben realizar más estudios con diferentes protocolos según las características del/de la jugador/a.

Palabras clave: Prevalencia, Factores de riesgo, Lesión, Hombro, Balonmano.

Abstract. Introduction: The shoulder is one of the most affected structures, in terms of injuries, in handball. Objective: To describe the typology, prevalence and risk factors of shoulder injuries in handball. Method: A systematic search of the last five years was carried out in six databases (Cinahl, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus, PubMed), 15 articles were selected, of which 12 were observational studies and three were randomized clinical trials. Results: There is a higher prevalence on the dominant side. The most salient risk factors are: female sex, medial rotation deficit, weakness of the rotator muscles, dyskinesia, pain or instability in the trunk or lower limbs, increased sports load and even the playing position on the field. In addition, with age there is also a higher prevalence. Regarding prevention protocols, the results are disparate, that is, without significant results or with an increase in strength and a decrease in the prevalence of shoulder problems. Conclusions: Taking into account the risk factors, the higher prevalence in the dominant shoulder and the increase with age, it seems necessary to start with preventive protocols in adolescence. For this, more studies must be carried out with different protocols according to the characteristics of the player.

Keywords: Prevalence, Risk factors, Injury, Shoulder, Handball.

Biografía del autor/a

Irimia Mollinedo Cardalda, Universidad de Vigo

Doctora en Ciencias de la Salud en el

Departamento de Biología Funcional y Ciencias de la Salud

Citas

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Publicado

2023-01-02

Cómo citar

Lopez, I. ., Mollinedo Cardalda, I., Pitombeira Pereira Pedro, K. ., & Machado de Oliveira, I. . (2023). Prevalencia y factores de riesgo en lesiones de hombro en jugadores y jugadoras de balonmano. Revisión Sistemática (Prevalence and risk factors in shoulder injuries in male and female handball players. Systematic review). Retos, 47, 275–281. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.93935

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