Lesiones en el judo de élite: revisión sistemática (Injuries in elite judo: a systematic review)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101449

Palabras clave:

Artes marciales, Traumatismos en atletas, Epidemiologia, Atletas, Paratletas

Resumen

Introducción: El judo es un arte marcial sin armas caracterizado principalmente por la necesidad de agarrar, proyectar e inmovilizar al oponente. Con los años ha ido ganando popularidad, albergando competiciones de élite, haciendo necesario conocer que situaciones lesionales pueden aparecer y así poder evitarlas. Objetivo: Conocer la evidencia científica más actual sobre la epidemiología de las lesiones en el judo de élite y, de manera secundaria, estudiar diferencias entre categorías de peso, sexos y modalidad. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica mediante una búsqueda sistematizada durante enero y febrero de 2023 en las bases de datos Cinahl, Medline, Pubmed, Scopus y Sport Discus. La calidad metodológica fue evaluada mediante la escala Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años con una buena calidad metodológica. Conclusión: Los/as judokas de élite presentan una mayor incidencia lesional en competición frente a entrenamientos. La rodilla y el hombro fueron las articulaciones más frecuentes de lesión. Como tipo de lesión predomina el esguince ligamentoso, pero por su gravedad destacan la rotura de ligamento cruzado anterior de la rodilla y las lesiones de cabeza y cuello. El mecanismo de acción más común es el hecho de ser tirado por el/la oponente. Las mujeres tuvieron más lesiones que los hombres y los pesos bajos respecto a los altos. También se observó que los hombres tienen más tendencia a sufrir lesiones en el tronco mientras que las mujeres en el miembro inferior.

Palabras clave: Artes Marciales; Traumatismos en Atletas; Epidemiología; Atletas; Paratletas.   

Abstract. Introduction: Judo is an unarmed martial art characterised mainly by the need to grapple, throw and immobilise the opponent. Over the years it has become increasingly popular, hosting elite competitions, making it necessary to know what injury situations can occur and thus be able to avoid them. Objective: To know the most current scientific evidence on the epidemiology of injuries in elite judo and, secondarily, to study differences between weight categories, sexes and modality. Material and methods: A review of the scientific literature was carried out by means of a systematised search during January and February 2023 in the databases Cinahl, Medline, Pubmed, Scopus and Sport Discus. Methodological quality was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology scale. Results: 11 articles published in the last 10 years with a good methodological quality were included. Conclusion: Elite judokas have a higher incidence of injury in competition compared to training. The knee and shoulder were the most frequently injured joints. As a type of injury, ligament sprains predominate, but due to their severity, anterior cruciate ligament rupture of the knee and head and neck injuries stand out. The most common mechanism of action is being thrown by the opponent. Women had more injuries than men and lower weights than higher weights. It was also observed that men are more likely to suffer trunk injuries while women are more likely to suffer lower limb injuries.

Keywords: Martial Arts; Athlete Trauma; Epidemiology; Athletes; Parathletes.

Biografía del autor/a

Irimia Mollinedo Cardalda , Universidad de Vigo

Doctora en Ciencias de la Salud en el

Departamento de Biología Funcional y Ciencias de la Salud

Citas

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Publicado

2024-01-01

Cómo citar

Insua Iglesias, A., Machado de Oliveira, I., Vázquez Méndez, A., & Mollinedo Cardalda, I. (2024). Lesiones en el judo de élite: revisión sistemática (Injuries in elite judo: a systematic review). Retos, 51, 822–832. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101449

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

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