El efecto de los juegos reducidos de fútbol equilibrado versus desequilibrado en la toma de decisiones de los jugadores de fútbol Juvenil (The effect of balanced versus unbalanced football small-sided games on decision-making in youth football players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.88052Palabras clave:
Toma de decisiones; juegos reducidos; equilibrados; desequilibrados, (Decision-making; small-sided games; balanced; unbalanced)Resumen
La toma de decisiones (TD) es una habilidad importante dirigida a la formación de jugadores de fútbol jóvenes que puede mejorar mediante el uso de juegos reducidos (JR). El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar el TD de los jugadores en diferentes formatos en JR equilibrados y desequilibrados manteniendo constante el área de juego. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 10 jugadores de campo más 2 porteros (13,55 ± 0,51 años). Este estudio consistió en 3 sesiones, un día por cada sesión, con un intervalo de 48 horas entre sesiones. Se seleccionaron tres formatos diferentes (4vs.4; 4vs.5; 4vs.6), en un área de juego de 40x30 metros. El resultado fue el índice de toma de decisiones (ITD), evaluado con el Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI). Los resultados mostraron que, en dos de los tres días, hubo diferencias estadísticas en ITD en los tres diferentes formatos. En el formato 4vs.6 se registró una puntuación media más alta que en el formato 4vs.4 el día 2 (U = 13.0, z = -2.34, p = .025, r = .57) y el día 3 (U = 5.50, z = -2,98, p = .003, r = .72). En conclusión, el uso de JR desequilibrados en el entrenamiento puede beneficiar el desarrollo de la TD y, por tanto, puede constituir un factor importante a considerar en la formación de futbolistas jóvenes.
Abstract. Decision-making (DM) is an important ability targeted in the formation of young football players that can improve by using small-sided games (SSGs). The main purpose of this study was to assess players’ DM in different balanced and unbalanced SSG formats keeping the play area constant. The sample was composed of 10 field players plus 2 goalkeepers (13.55±0.51 years). This study consisted of 3 sessions, one day for each session, with an interval of 48 hours apart between sessions. Three different SSG formats (4vs.4; 4vs.5; 4vs.6), in a play area of 40x30 meters, were selected. The outcome was the decision-making index (DMI), assessed with the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI). Results showed that on two of the three days, there were statistical differences in DMI across the three different SSG formats. In the 4vs.6 format a higher median score than in the 4vs.4 format was recorded on day 2 (U=13.0, z=-2.34, p=.025, r=.57) and day 3 (U=5.50, z=-2.98, p=.003, r=.72). In conclusion, the use of unbalanced SSG formats in the training may benefit DM development, and therefore may constitute an important factor to be considered in the formation of young football players.
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