Effects of three months of water-based exercise training on metabolic syndrome components in older women (Efecto de tres meses de entrenamiento con ejercicios acuáticos sobre componentes del síndrome metabólico en adultas mayores)

Autores/as

  • Paulina Yesica Ochoa-Martínez Faculty of Sports, Autonomous University of Baja California. México.
  • Javier Arturo Hall-López Facultad de Deportes Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
  • Daniel Piña Diaz Faculty of Sports, Autonomous University of Baja California. México.
  • Diego Armando Zarate Trujillo Faculty of Sports, Autonomous University of Baja California. México.
  • Ana Maria Teixeira Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra. Coimbra, Portugal.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i35.62041

Palabras clave:

Older Women, Metabolic Syndrome, Exercise (adultas mayores, síndrome metabólico, ejercicio)

Resumen

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of water-based exercise training on metabolic syndrome components in older women. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group who participated in the water-based exercise training and a control group who was not involved in the training and remained sedentary. The quantification of clinical and biochemical parameters of abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure and insulin resistance without glucose intolerance by a medical and laboratory evaluation to assess the presence of metabolic syndrome components was done according to the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Educational Program Adult Treatment Panel-III (NCEP ATP-III). The training protocol consisted of water-based exercise training sessions 5 times per week during 12 weeks of intervention, executed in a pool of 1.3 meters divided into three phases: a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of aerobic exercise at 50%-60% of maximum heart rate (monitored by heart rate monitor) and a 10 minute cool down. As a statistical method to compare the results between groups of variables pre and post training, the statistical analysis ANOVA mixed 2 X 2 (group X measurement) was done using SPSS version 21. The results for the metabolic syndrome components only indicated statistically significant interactions for triglycerides mg.dl-1 (p=0.002) between the groups and the measurements. Thus, the training program produced significant benefits on metabolic health indicators in particular decreasing triglycerides.

Resumen. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento con ejercicio acuático sobre los componentes del síndrome metabólico en adultas mayores. Los participantes se dividieron en un grupo experimental y un grupo control que permaneció sedentario. La presencia de componentes del síndrome metabólico se evaluó de acuerdo con las directrices del Programa Nacional de Educación en Colesterol (NCEP–III) que evalúa los parámetros clínicos y bioquímicos de obesidad abdominal, dislipidemia aterogénica, presión arterial y resistencia a la insulina sin intolerancia a la glucosa. El protocolo de entrenamiento consistió en sesiones 5 veces por semana durante 12 semanas, divididas en tres fases: calentamiento 10 minutos, 30 minutos de ejercicio aeróbico al 50% -60% de la frecuencia cardíaca máxima y relajación 10 minutos. Como método estadístico para comparar los resultados entre grupos de variables pre y post, se realizó el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) mixta 2 X 2. Los resultados en los componentes del síndrome metabólico solo indicaron interacciones estadísticamente significativas para los triglicéridos mg.dl-1 (p=0.002) entre los grupos y las mediciones. Por lo tanto, el programa de entrenamiento resulto beneficioso sobre los indicadores de salud metabólica, en particular la disminución de triglicéridos.

Biografía del autor/a

Paulina Yesica Ochoa-Martínez , Faculty of Sports, Autonomous University of Baja California. México.

Ochoa Martínez Paulina Yesica Associated Professor at the Faculty of Sports, Autonomous University of Baja California. México. Degree: Major in Physical Education, MSc. in Sports Science, Ph. D. in Sport Medicine; Research interests Gerontology, Human Kinetics

Javier Arturo Hall-López , Facultad de Deportes Universidad Autónoma de Baja California

Licenciatura en Educación Física, Escuela Superior de Educación Física, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Maestría en Ciencias del Deporte opción Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Doctorado en Medicina del Deporte Universidad Católica “Nuestra Señora de la Asunción” Paraguay, Profesor Investigador de Tiempo Completo de la Facultad de Deportes de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, integrante del cuerpo académico en consolidación UABC-CA-175 Ciencias de la Actividad Física y Deporte, Línea de Generación y Aplicación de Conocimiento: Motricidad Humana. Adscrito al Sistema Nacional de Investigadores SNI del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología CONACYT. Perfil deseable por parte del Programa de Mejoramiento al Profesorado PRODEP, Estancia de investigación en la Universidad Alexandru Ioan Cuza,  de Iasi, Rumania en el 2015 mediante la beca Coimbra Group Scholarship Programme for Young Professors and Researchers from Latin American Universities, Posdoctorado en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Huelva, España, Beca Fundación Carolina 2014. Post-doctorado en el Laboratorio de Biociencias de la Motricidad Humana de la Universidad Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Beca Santander para Jóvenes Investigadores Iberoamericanos 2015. Ganador  en los años 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 y 2015 en   el Certamen Nacional de Investigación en el Área de la Cultura Física y Deporte  organizado por la Comisión Nacional de Cultura Física y Deporte.

Daniel Piña Diaz , Faculty of Sports, Autonomous University of Baja California. México.

Water-exercise Instrtuctor at the Aquatic Complex of the Faculty of Sports, Autonomous University of Baja California. México. Degree: Major in Physical Activity and Sport; Research interests Human Kinetics

Diego Armando Zarate Trujillo , Faculty of Sports, Autonomous University of Baja California. México.

Water-exercise Instrtuctor at the Aquatic Complex of the Faculty of Sports, Autonomous University of Baja California. México. Degree: Major in Physical Activity and Sport; Research interests Human Kinetics

Ana Maria Teixeira , Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra. Coimbra, Portugal.

Botelho Teixeira Ana Maria Miranda. Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra. Coimbra, Portugal. Degree: Major in biochemistry, MSc. in Immunology, Ph. D. in Biomedical Sciences; Research interests exercise biochemistry 

Citas

Araújo, J.P., Neto, G.R., Loenneke, J.P., Bemben, M.G., Laurentino, G.C., Batista, G., Silva, J.C., Freitas, E,D. & Sousa, M.S. (2015). The effects of water-based exercise in combination with blood flow restriction on strength and functional capacity in post-menopausal women. Age (Dordr). 37(6):110. doi: 10.1007/s11357-015-9851-4.

Barker, A.L., Talevski, J., Morello, R.T., Brand, C.A., Rahmann, A.E. & Urquhart, DM. (2014). Effectiveness of aquatic exercise for musculoskeletal conditions: a meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 95(9):1776-86. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.04.005.

Chodzko-Zajko, W.J., Proctor, D.N., Fiatarone, Singh M.A., Minson, C.T., Nigg, C.R., Salem, G.J. & Skinner J.S. (2009). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. [Practice Guideline]. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 41(7):1510-30. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a0c95c.

Colpani, V., Oppermann, K. & Spritzer, P.M. (2013). Association between habitual physical activity and lower cardiovascular risk in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women: a population-based study. Menopause, 20(5):525-31. doi: 10.1097/GME.0b013e318271b388.

Ford, E.S. (2005). Risks for All-Cause Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes Care,28(7):1769-78.

Fulop, T., Larbi, A., Witkowski, J.M., McElhaney, J., Loeb, M., Mitnitski, A. & Pawelec, G. (2010). Aging, frailty and age-related diseases. Biogerontology, 11(5):547-63. doi: 10.1007/s10522-010-9287-2.

Heywood, S., McClelland J, Mentiplay B., Geigle, P., Rahmann, A, & Clark, R. (2017). Effectiveness of Aquatic Exercise in Improving Lower Limb Strength in Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 98(1):173-186. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.08.472.

Kamioka, H., Tsutani, K., Okuizumi, H., Mutoh, Y., Ohta, M., Handa, S., Okada, S., Kitayuguchi, J., Kamada, M., Shiozawa, N. & Honda, T. (2010). Effectiveness of aquatic exercise and balneotherapy: a summary of systematic reviews based on randomized controlled trials of water immersion therapies. J Epidemiol, 20(1):2-12.

Kamioka, H., Tsutani, K., Mutoh, Y., Okuizum, H., Ohta, M., Handa, S., Okada, S., Kitayuguchi, J., Kamada, M., Shiozawa, N., Park, S.J., Honda, T. & Moriyama, S. (2011). A systematic review of nonrandomized controlled trials on the curative effects of aquatic exercise. Int J Gen Med, 25;4:239-60. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S17384.

Kim, S.H., Kim, M., Ahn, Y.B., Lim, H.K., Kang, S.G., Cho, J.H., Park, S.J, & Song, S.W. (2011). Effect of dance exercise on cognitive function in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome: a pilot study. J Sports Sci Med, 10(4):671-8.

Luk, A.O., Ma, R.C., So, W.Y., Yang, X.L., Kong, A.P., Ozaki, R., Ko, G.T., Chow, C.C., Cockram, C.S., Chan, J.C. & Tong, P.C. (2008). The NCEP-ATPIII but not the IDF criteria for the metabolic syndrome identify Type 2 diabetic patients at increased risk of chronic kidney disease. Diabet. Med, 25(12):1419-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02602.x.

Nelson, M.E., Rejeski, W.J., Blair, S.N., Duncan, P.W., Judge, J.O., King, A.C., Macera, C.A. & Castaneda-Sceppa, C. (2007). Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation, 39(8):1435-45.

Okosun, I.S., Annor, F., Esuneh, F., & Okoegwale, E.E. (2013). Metabolic syndrome and impaired health-related quality of life and in non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Blacks and Mexican-American Adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr, 7(3):154-60. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2013.06.007.

Pattyn, N., Cornelissen, V.A., Eshghi, S.R. & Vanhees, L. (2013). The effect of exercise on the cardiovascular risk factors constituting the metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of controlled trials. Sports Med, 43(2):121-33. doi: 10.1007/s40279-012-0003-z.

Puri, K.S., Suresh, K.R., Gogtay, N.J. & Thatte, U.M. (2009). Declaration of Helsinki, 2008: implications for stakeholders in research. J Postgrad Med, 55(2):131-4. doi: 10.4103/0022-3859.52846.

Sanders, M.E., Takeshima, N., Rogers, M.E., Colado, J.C. & Borreani, S. (2013). Impact of the s.w.e.a.T.™ water-exercise method on activities of daily living for older women. J Sports Sci Med, 12(4):707-15.

Sicras-Mainar, A.1., Navarro-Artieda, R. & Ibáñez-Nolla, J. (2013). Clinical and economic characteristics associated with type 2 diabetes. Rev Clin Esp,214(3):121-30. doi: 10.1016/j.rce.2013.11.002.

Standards & Guidelines for Aquatic Fitness Programming data revisited. (n.d.). Retrieved nov 16, 2014, from the Aquatic Exercise Association (AEA) Website,https://www.aeawave.com/Portals/2/PDF/AEA_Standards_and_Guidelines14.pdf

Takeshima, N., Rogers, M.E., Watanabe, E., Brechue, W.F., Okada, A., Yamada, T., Islam, M.M. & Hayano, J. (2002). Water-based exercise improves health-related aspects of fitness in older women. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 34(3):544-51.

Tan, S., Li, W. & Wang, J. (2012) Effects of six months of combined aerobic and resistance training for elderly patients with a long history of type 2 diabetes. J Sports Sci Med, 11(3):495-501.

Tanaka, H., Monahan, K.D. & Seals, D.R. (2001) Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. J Am Coll Cardiol, 37(1):153-6.

The guidelines of the National Cholesterol Educational Program Adult Treatment Panel-III (NCEP ATP-III), data revisited. (n.d.). Retrieved jan 16, 2014, from Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Website, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/resources/heart/atp-3-cholesterol-full-report.pdf

Thomas, J.R., Nelson, J.K., Silverman, S. & Silverman, S.J. (2001). Textbook of research methods in physical activity 6th. Ed. Human Kinetics, Champaign, Ilinois.

Vincent, W.J. (1999). Textbook of statistics in kinesiology 2nd Ed. Human Kinetics. Champaign, Ilinois.

Wang, X., Hsu, F.C., Isom, S., Walkup, M.P., Kritchevsky, S.B., Goodpaster, B.H., Church, T.S. Pahor, M., Stafford, R.S. & Nicklas, B.J. (2012). Effects of a 12-month physical activity intervention on prevalence of metabolic syndrome in elderly men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 67(4):417-24. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glr187.

Yamaoka, K. & Tango, T. (2012). Effects of lifestyle modification on metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med,14;10:138. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-138.

Descargas

Publicado

2019-01-01

Cómo citar

Ochoa-Martínez, P. Y., Hall-López, J. A., Piña Diaz, D., Zarate Trujillo, D. A., & Teixeira, A. M. (2019). Effects of three months of water-based exercise training on metabolic syndrome components in older women (Efecto de tres meses de entrenamiento con ejercicios acuáticos sobre componentes del síndrome metabólico en adultas mayores). Retos, 35, 181–184. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i35.62041

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a

1 2 > >>