Efectos de ejercicios de estabilización sobre el dolor y factores psicológicos en personas con dolor lumbar no específico: revisión sistemática y metaánalisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.111857Palabras clave:
autoeficacia, catastrofismo, dolor lumbar, kinesiofobiaResumen
Introducción: El dolor lumbar no específico (DLNE) es una causa global de discapacidad influida por factores biológicos, psicológicos y sociales, donde aspectos como la kinesiofobia, el catastrofismo y la autoeficacia afectan los resultados clínicos.
Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de los ejercicios de estabilización sobre el dolor y los factores psicológicos en personas con DLNE. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos EBSCO, Scopus, WOS y PubMed, seleccionando ensayos controlados aleatorizados evaluados con la escala PEDro y ROB 2. Un metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios sintetizó los resultados sobre dolor y factores psicológicos. Resultados: De 923 registros, se incluyeron 17 estudios con 1,016 participantes (edad media 45,19 años). El metaanálisis mostró que los ejercicios de estabilización reducen el dolor (SMD=-0.7), mejoran la kinesiofobia (SMD=-0.5), disminuyen el catastrofismo (SMD=-0.4) y aumentan la autoeficacia (SMD=0.6), aunque sin superar consistentemente otras intervenciones. Se observó heterogeneidad moderada a alta.
Conclusiones: Los ejercicios de estabilización son efectivos para aliviar el dolor y mejorar factores psicológicos en DLNE, pero no superan a otras intervenciones. Se requieren estudios robustos y a largo plazo para confirmar y optimizar su uso clínico.
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