Efectos del entrenamiento con resistencia variable sobre la funcionalidad en personas con trastornos musculoesqueléticos: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v65.110490Palabras clave:
Entrenamiento con resistencia variable, funcionalidad, trastornos musculoesqueléticos, rehabilitaciónResumen
Introducción y objetivo: El entrenamiento con resistencia variable (ERV) es una metodología de entrenamiento utilizada en la mejora de la fuerza muscular, pero sus efectos sobre la funcionalidad en personas con trastornos musculoesqueléticos han sido poco investigados. Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo evaluar los efectos del ERV en la funcionalidad de estas personas.
Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda en cuatro bases de datos (EBSCO, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed), resultando en 694 estudios, de los cuales se seleccionaron 7 para su análisis. Los estudios incluyeron pacientes con diferentes disfunciones musculoesqueléticas como dolor lumbar, osteoartritis, y prótesis de rodilla.
Resultados: Los resultados muestran que el ERV mejoró significativamente la fuerza en tres estudios, el dolor en cuatro estudios, y la funcionalidad general en todos los estudios evaluados. Además, se observaron mejoras en el equilibrio y la velocidad de la marcha. A pesar de los resultados prometedores, la heterogeneidad de los protocolos y las diferencias en las evaluaciones limitan la generalización de los hallazgos.
Conclusiones: Se concluye que el ERV puede ser una intervención efectiva para mejorar la funcionalidad en personas con trastornos musculoesqueléticos, pero se requieren estudios adicionales para confirmar su eficacia en distintos contextos.
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