Desarrollo de habilidades sociales y de salud mental: El impacto positivo del modelo jigsaw en el curso del taekwondo (Building mental health and social skills: The positive impact of jigsaw model in taekwondo course)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108372Palabras clave:
Salud mental, habilidades sociales, modelo jigsaw, aprendizaje cooperativoResumen
La educación del siglo XXI enfatiza la adaptación a la tecnología y las habilidades de pensamiento de alto nivel, incluido el desarrollo de un pensamiento de alto nivel que ejerce una gran presión sobre la salud mental y las habilidades sociales de los estudiantes. Este estudio utilizó un diseño pre-post de un grupo para probar el efecto del modelo de aprendizaje jigsaw en la salud mental y las habilidades sociales de los estudiantes en clases de taekwondo. Los participantes fueron 136 estudiantes (hombres = 109; mujeres = 27) utilizando una técnica de muestreo aleatorio simple. Los datos de salud mental se recopilaron utilizando 35 ítems del Instrumento de Salud Mental con una escala Likert de 5 puntos, y los datos de habilidades sociales se recopilaron utilizando 45 ítems de la Escala de Calificación del Sistema de Mejora de Habilidades Sociales con una escala Likert de 4 puntos. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y pruebas de muestras pareadas con ayuda del programa IBM SPSS versión 29. Los resultados del estudio demostraron que el indicador de salud mental que experimentó mayor aumento fue "Armonía mental" y el más bajo fue "Actividades de aprendizaje". En el indicador de habilidades sociales, el mayor incremento fue “Autocontrol” y el menor fue “Empatía”. Se ha demostrado que el modelo de aprendizaje jigsaw mejora significativamente la salud mental y las habilidades sociales de los estudiantes en las clases de taekwondo. Por lo tanto, el modelo jigsaw se puede utilizar como un modelo eficaz para abordar los problemas de salud mental y habilidades sociales de los estudiantes y apoyar el desarrollo psicosocial de los estudiantes cuando enfrentan diversos desafíos y altas demandas académicas en la universidad.
Palabras clave: Salud mental, habilidades sociales, modelo jigsaw, aprendizaje cooperativo
Abstract. 21st-century education emphasizes technology adaptation and high-level thinking skills, including the development of high-level thinking that puts high pressure on students' mental health and social skills. This study used a one-group pre-post design to test the effect of the jigsaw learning model on students' mental health and social skills in taekwondo lectures. The participants were 136 students (male = 109; female = 27) using a simple random sampling technique. Mental health data were collected using 35 items of the Mental Health Instrument with a 5-point Likert scale, and social skills data were collected using 45 items of the Social Skills Improvement System-Rating Scale with a 4-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired sample tests with the help of the IBM SPSS version 29 program. The study's results proved that the mental health indicator that experienced the highest increase was "Harmony in mind," and the lowest was "Learning activities." In the social skills indicator, the highest increase was "Self-control," and the lowest was "Empathy". The jigsaw learning model has been proven to significantly improve students' mental health and social skills in taekwondo lectures. Thus, the jigsaw model can be used as an effective model to address students' mental health and social skills problems and support students' psycho-social development when facing various challenges and high academic demands at university.
Keywords: Mental health, social skills, jigsaw model, cooperative learning
Citas
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