Percepción de la población residente sobre la responsabilidad social corporativa y su vinculación al desarrollo de los ODS de los Juegos Panamericanos y Parapanamericanos Santiago 2023 (Perception of the resident population on corporate social responsibility and its link to the development of the SDGs of the Pan American and Parapan American Games Santiago 2023)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.108229Palabras clave:
responsabilidad social corporativa, Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, eventos deportivos, percepción de los residentesResumen
En la última década, los eventos deportivos han emergido como pilares fundamentales de la expansión del ámbito deportivo como actividad económica. Este estudio analiza la percepción de la población residente sobre la responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC) y el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en los Juegos Panamericanos y Parapanamericanos Santiago 2023. La metodología consistió en la aplicación de encuestas aplicadas en tres regiones de Chile, donde se evalúo la percepción de 617 residentes sobre los impactos sociales, económicos y medioambientales del evento. Los resultados mostraron un respaldo significativo a los juegos, destacando la promoción del deporte entre los jóvenes, la creación de oportunidades laborales y comerciales, y la preservación del patrimonio cultural. Sin embargo, también se identificaron preocupaciones sobre el aumento de precios y la accesibilidad a espacios públicos. Se observó una valoración positiva en la vinculación de los indicadores con los ODS, especialmente en igualdad de género, crecimiento económico y sostenibilidad urbana. Este estudio subraya la importancia de la planificación estratégica y la implementación de estrategias sostenibles en eventos deportivos, destacando la RSC como un pilar fundamental.
Palabras clave: Responsabilidad Social Corporativa, Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, Eventos deportivos, Percepción de los residentes
Abstract. In the past decade, sports events have emerged as key drivers of the sports sector's economic growth. This study analyzes residents' perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the Santiago 2023 Pan American and Parapan American Games. Surveys were conducted in three Chilean regions, evaluating the perceptions of 617 residents on the social, economic, and environmental impacts of the event. Results showed significant support for the games, highlighting the promotion of youth sports, job and commercial opportunities, and cultural heritage preservation. However, concerns about price increases and public space accessibility were also noted. There was a positive assessment of the alignment with SDG indicators, particularly in gender equality, economic growth, and urban sustainability. This study underscores the importance of strategic planning and the implementation of sustainable practices in sports events, emphasizing CSR as a fundamental pillar.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainable Development Goals, Sports Events, Residents' perception
Citas
Babiak, K., & Wolfe, R. (2006). More than just a game? Corporate social responsibility and Super Bowl XL. Sport market-ing quarterly, 15(4), 214.
Baumann, R., Engelhardt, B., & Matheson, V. A. (2012). Employment Effects of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah. Jahrbucher Fur Nationalokonomie Und Statistik, 232(3), 308-317. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2012-0309
Bazzanella, F. (2019). Perceptions and role of tourist destination residents compared to other event stakeholders in a small-scale sports event: The case of the FIS World Junior Alpine Ski Championships 2019 in Val di Fas-sa. Sustainability, 11(24), 6909. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11246909
Bradish, C. L., & Cronin, J. J. (2009). Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport. Journal Of Sport Management, 23(6), 691-697. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.23.6.691
Bradley, S. M. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and sporting events. En M. A. Dos Santos (Ed.), Strategies in sports marketing: Technologies and emerging trends (pp. 88-102). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5994-0.ch007
Brown, J. A., & Forster, W. R. (2013). CSR and stakeholder theory: A tale of Adam Smith. Journal of business ethics, 112, 301-312.
Cochran, P. L. (2007). The evolution of corporate social responsibility. Business horizons, 50(6), 449-454.
Cordeiro, J. J., & Tewari, M. (2015). Firm characteristics, industry context, and investor reactions to environmental CSR: A stakeholder theory approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 130, 833-849.
Corporación Santiago 2023. (2024). Santiago 2023. Recuperado de https://www.santiago2023.org
Darnell, S. (2012). Sport for development and peace: A critical sociology. Bloomsbury Academic.
Duan, Y., Mastromartino, B., Nauright, J., Zhang, J., & Liu, B. (2021). How do perceptions of non-mega sport events impact quality of life and support for the event among local residents? Sport in Society, 24(12), 1742–1762. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2021.1916247
Duclos-Bastías, D., Parra-Camacho, D., Giakoni-Ramírez, F., Ulloa-Hernández, M., & Sánchez-Sáez, J. A. (2023). Intenciones futuras de los residentes sobre la celebración la Fórmula E en Santiago de Chile. Sport TK, 12, 1. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.497831
Flández, J., Vargas, R., Jacques, V., Cornejo, M., Gajardo-Burgos, R., Giakoni-Ramírez, F., Aguilar, J., Urbina, R., & Duclos-Bastías, D. (2023). Rendimiento en los Juegos Panamericanos de Santiago 2023: Predicción mediante método de suavización exponencial simple. Ciencias de la actividad física (Talca), 24(2), 0-0.
Fonseca, I., Bernate, J., & Perez, C. (2022). Modelos de responsabilidad social corporativa en el sector deporte. Una revisión sistemática. Retos, 43, 1106–1115. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.87911
Gebel, K., Mutrie, N., & Ding, D. (2022). Another step towards gender equality: a call for ending structural sexism in the scheduling of sports events. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 56, 1205 - 1206. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-105379.
Godfrey, P. C. (2009). Corporate social responsibility in sport: An overview and key issues. Journal of sport manage-ment, 23(6), 698-716.
González-García, R. J., Pérez-Campos, C., & García-Pascual, F. (2021). Intenciones futuras de participar en un pequeño evento deportivo sostenible: influencia de la motivación, afición y satisfacción de los participantes en carreras solida-rias. Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte, 16(50). https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v16i50.1585
Grix, J. (2012). The politics of sports mega-events. Political Insight, 3(1), 4-7.
Guevara-Pérez, J. C., Sandino Rodríguez, M. C., Gómez Barrios, S. A., & Urdaneta Camacho, R. (2023). The 2030 Agenda and corporate social responsibility practices in Colombian sports federations. Retos, 48, 450–460. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.96804
Gulak-Lipka, P., & Jagielski, M. (2020). Incorporating sustainability into mega-event management as means of providing economic, social and environmental legacy: a comparative analysis. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20 (388), 2859-2866. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.s5388
Helsen, K., Taks, M., & Scheerder, J. (2022). Involvement, Social Impact Experiences, and Event Support of Host Resi-dents Before, during, and after the 2021 UCI Road World Championships. Sustainability, 14(15), 9509. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159509
Horne, J. (2015). Assessing the sociology of sport: On sports mega-events and capitalist modernity. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 50, 466 - 471. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690214538861
Huang, F.-H., Ye, Y.-J., & Kao, C.-H. (2015). Developing a novel Intuitionistic Fuzzy Importance-performance Analysis for evaluating corporate social responsibility in sport tourism event. Expert Systems with Applications, 42(19), 6530-6538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2015.04.008
Ibrahim, H., & Almarshed, S. O. (2014). Sporting event as a corporate social responsibility strategy. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11, 3-14. doi:10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00170-1
Inoue, Y., Heffernan, C., Yamaguchi, T., & Filo, K. (2018). Social and charitable impacts of a charity-affiliated sport event: A mixed methods study. Sport Management Review, 21(2), 202-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.06.005
Laar, R. A., Shi, S., & Ashraf, M. A. (2019). Participation of Pakistani Female Students in Physical Activities: Religious, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Factors. Religions, 10(11), 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel10110617
Lein, J. K. (2017). Futures Research and Environmental Sustainability: Theory and Method. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis.
Levermore, R. (2010). CSRfor Development Through Sport: examining its potential and limitations. Third World Quarter-ly, 31(2), 223-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436591003711967
Maussier, B. (2017). The New Ethical Dimension of Sports Events: a Reflection on the Evolution from the Ancient Greek Olympic Sports Festival to Postmodern Sports Events. Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte, 12(34), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v12i34.828
Mello, J., Pedretti, A., Caporal, G., Mahique, J., Ferreira, A., Reppold-Filho, A., & Gaya, A. (2022). Secular trend of sports practice of Brazilian children and young people in the decade of mega-sport events. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 17(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.171.01
McCullough, B. P., Orr, M. & Watanabe, N. M. (2019). Measuring Externalities: The Imperative Next Step to Sustaina-bility Assessment in Sport. Journal of Sport Management, 34 (5), 393-402. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0254
McCullough, B. P., Orr, M. & Kellison, T. (2020). Sport Ecology: Conceptualizing an Emerging Subdiscipline Within Sport Management. Journal of Sport Management, 34 (6), 509-520. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0294
Miragaia, D., Ferreira, J., & Ratten, V. (2017). Corporate social responsibility and social entrepreneurship: Drivers of sports sponsorship policy. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 9(4), 613-623. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2017.1374297
Mooney, G., McCall, V., & Paton, K. (2015). Exploring the use of large sporting events in the post-crash, post-welfare city: A ‘legacy’ of increasing insecurity? Local Economy, 30(8), 910-924. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269094215602201
Müller, M. (2015). What makes an event a mega-event? Definitions and sizes. Leisure Studies, 34(6), 627–642. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2014.993333
Musikavanhu, R. (2020). Hosting Mega Events in Africa: Fostering Sustainable Employment Initiatives Within the Host Community. Geographies of tourism and global change (pp. 103-119). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41735-2_8
Organización de las Naciones Unidas. (2015). Resolución A/RES/70/1 Transformar nuestro mundo: la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible. Nueva York, EE.UU.
Organización de las Naciones Unidas. (2009). Resolución A/64/L.2 El deporte como medio para promover la educación, la salud, el desarrollo y la paz. Recuperado de https://issuu.com/unpublications/docs/yun_2009
Park, K., Park, S. B., Ok, C., & Kim, H. L. (2021). Community marathon event participation and quality of life. Sport Management Review, 25(2), 341-359. https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2021.1930949
Parra-Camacho, D., González-García, R., Añó, V., & Ayora, D. (2016). Percepción de los visitantes sobre el impacto social y sus intenciones con respecto a la celebración de un evento deportivo de pequeña escala. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 25(1), 93-96
Raso, G., & Cherubini, D. (2023). sport tourism and regional economic development. Scientific Journal of Sport and Per-formance, 3(1), 108-121. https://doi.org/10.55860/jkwx7277
Redondo-Castán, J. C., Pardo-Fanjul, A., Pedauga, L. E., & Izquierdo, J. M. (2023). Impacto económico de los peque-ños y medianos eventos deportivos. Estudio del caso de la región de Castilla y León (España). Retos, 47, 695–700. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.93038
Ritchie, B. W., Shipway, R., & Cleeve, B. (2009). Resident Perceptions of Mega-Sporting Events: A Non-Host City Perspective of the 2012 London Olympic Games. Journal Of Sport & Tourism, 14(2-3), 143-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775080902965108
Sánchez-Sáez, J. A., Segado, F. F., Moreno, F. C., & Guerrero, A. M. G. (2020). Measuring Residents’ Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility at Small- and Medium-Sized Sports Events. International Journal of Environmental Re-search and Public Health (Online), 17(23), 8798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238798
Sánchez-Sáez, J. A. (2022). Eventos deportivos socialmente responsables: Una vía sostenible de gestión. SIGNUM: Revista Internacional de Investigación en Eventos, Protocolo y Relaciones Institucionales, 1(1), 65-69.
Séguin, B., Parent, M., & O'Reilly, N. (2010). Corporate support: A corporate social responsibility alternative to tradi-tional event sponsorship. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 7(3/4), 202-222. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSMM.2010.032551
Scheinbaum, A. C., & Lacey, R. (2015). Event social responsibility: A note to improve outcomes for sponsors and events. Journal of Business Research, 68(9), 1982-1986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.01.017
Schnitzer, M., Kössler, C., Schlemmer, P., & Peters, M. (2020). Influence of Event and Place Image on Residents’ Atti-tudes Toward and Support for Events. Journal Of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 45(7), 1260-1281. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020919502
Solberg, H. A., & Preuß, H. (2007). Major Sport Events and Long-Term Tourism Impacts. Journal Of Sport Manage-ment, 21(2), 213-234. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.21.2.213
Suárez‐Cebador, M., Rubio‐Romero, J. C., Pinto‐Contreiras, J., & Gemar, G. (2018). A model to measure sustainable development in the hotel industry: A comparative study. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Manage-ment, 25(5), 722-732
Trendafiova, S., Ziakas, V., & Sparvero, E. (2017). Linking corporate social responsibility in sport with community development: An added source of community value. Sport in Society, 20(7), 938-956. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2016.1221935
Ullah, F., Wu, Y., Mehmood, K., Jabeen, F., Iftikhar, Y., Acevedo-Duque, Á., & Kwan, H. K. (2021). Impact of Spec-tators’ Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility on Regional Attachment in Sports: Three-Wave Indirect Ef-fects of Spectators’ Pride and Team Identification. Sustainability, 13(2), 597. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020597
Ulloa-Hernández, M., Farías-Torbidoin, E. & Seguí-Urbaneja, J. (2023). Sporting events and sustainability. A systematic Review (1964-2020). Apunts Educación Física y Deportes, 153, 101-113. https://doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2023/3).153.09
Vico, R. P., Uvinha, R. R., & Gustavo, N. (2018). Sports mega-events in the perception of the local community: the case of Itaquera region in São Paulo at the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil. Soccer And Society, 20(6), 810-823. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2017.1419471
Walker, M., Heere, B., Parent, M. M., & Drane, D. (2010). Social responsibility and the Olympic Games: The mediat-ing role of consumer attributions. Journal of business ethics, 95, 659-680.
Walker, M., & Mercado, H. U. (2015). Environmentally Responsible Value Orientations: Perspectives from Public Assembly Facility Managers. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 23(5), 271-282. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1372
Yu C.-Y. (2002). Evaluating cutoff criteria of model fit indices for latent variable models with binary and continuous outcomes (Published doctoral dissertation). University of California, CA. Retrieved from https://www.statmodel.com/papers_date.shtml
Zawadzki, K. (2021). Residents’ Perception of Intangible Benefits and Costs Associated with Hosting Major Sporting Events. Event Management. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599521x16192004803502.
Zhou, Y. (2010). Resident Perceptions Toward the Impacts of the Macao Grand Prix. Journal Of Convention & Event Tour-ism, 11(2), 138-153. https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2010.485179
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Retos
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
