Análisis psicométrico de tests de fitness muscular y propuesta de batería de tests para Educación Física en Educación Primaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v63.107564Palabras clave:
fuerza muscular, evaluación, salud, niños, Educación PrimariaResumen
Introducción y Objetivos: La inactividad física y los bajos niveles de fitness muscular son cada vez más comunes en niños y adolescentes, especialmente después de las restricciones ocasionadas por el COVID-19. Esto suscita la necesidad de evaluar el fitness muscular como componente de la condición física vinculado a la salud en esta población, sin embargo, no existe una batería exclusiva adaptada para las clases de Educación Física. Por ello, en este estudio se realiza un análisis psicométrico de diferentes tests para evaluar el fitness muscular en niños de 6 a 12 años y se propone una batería integral adaptada al contexto escolar.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de tests de fitness muscular teniendo en cuenta artículos de revisión sistemática y meta-análisis de los últimos 20 años. De los 28 tests iniciales, 14 cumplieron los criterios de validez y fiabilidad tras una búsqueda en diversas bases de datos como Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed y Google Scholar. Estos 14 tests se puntuaron atendiendo a su validez, fiabilidad, viabilidad por coste-eficacia para el contexto escolar y adaptabilidad inclusiva. Finalmente, se seleccionaron 6 tests considerados integrales (≥0.75).
Resultados: Se propone una batería integral con 6 tests: fuerza de prensión manual, salto de longitud desde parado a pies juntos, flexiones, sentadillas a dos piernas, abdominales curl-up y lanzamiento de balón medicinal.
Conclusión: La batería propuesta facilita la evaluación del fitness muscular en niños, permitiendo a los docentes diseñar programas adaptados, realizar un seguimiento del progreso y promover la concienciación sobre la salud.
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