Actividad física en una intervención de recreo con material autoconstruido: análisis por curso y género (Physical activity in a recess intervention with self-made material: analysis based on grade and gender)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.107185Palabras clave:
juego, salud, autoconstrucción de material, acelerometría, reciclajeResumen
El entorno del recreo escolar es reconocido como un contexto idóneo para promover la actividad física (AF) en toda la población escolar. Diversas estrategias han sido diseñadas para maximizar la AF de los escolares: dotar a los patios de estructuras físicas, capacitar al personal, pintar zonas de juego o proporcionar equipamiento y material movible/reciclado. Los resultados de investigación sobre esas intervenciones son prometedoras para aumentar la AFMV, pero no son concluyentes. Este estudio se propuso: a) examinar los niveles de AF de los escolares implicados en una intervención de recreo basada en el juego con material autoconstruido, y b) analizar las diferencias relativas al curso y género. Participaron 148 escolares (M = 10.98; DE = .79) de 4º a 6º de Educación Primaria. Se realizó un diseño cuasiexperimental con dos registros semanales (5 días escolares) de cada participante mediante acelerometría a lo largo de un cuatrimestre. Se ejecutaron análisis multivariantes de la varianza (MANOVA), tomando como variables dependientes los diferentes niveles de AF y, como factores fijos, el curso y el género. Se encontraron promedios de 10’46” y 24’52” de AFMV/día durante el recreo de mediodía y del almuerzo, respectivamente, lo que en total supone el 59.4% del tiempo recomendado. El nivel de AFMV disminuyó cuanto mayor era el curso. Los niños realizaron más AFMV y menos conductas sedentarias que las niñas. Los resultados avalan la eficacia de la intervención y sugieren importantes implicaciones para las escuelas promotoras de salud.
Palabras clave: juego, salud, autoconstrucción de material, acelerometría, reciclaje.
Abstract. The school recess environment is recognized as an ideal context for promoting physical activity (PA) in the entire school population. Various strategies have been designed to maximize PA among students, such as providing physical structures in playgrounds, training staff, painting play areas, or providing movable/recycled equipment and materials. Research results on these interventions are promising for increasing moderate- to vigorous- physical activity (MVPA) during recess but are inconclusive. This study aimed to (a) examine the students’ PA levels during a recess intervention with self-made materials, and (b) analyze differences in relation to grade and gender. A total of 148 students (M = 10.98; SD = .79) from 4th to 6th grade participated. A quasi-experimental design was conducted with two weekly records (five school days) for each participant using accelerometry over a cuatrimester. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed with different levels of PA as dependent variables, and grade and gender as fixed factors. Average levels of 10’46” and 24’52” MVPA/day were found during morning and lunchtime recesses, respectively, representing 59.4% of the recommended time. The MVPA levels decreased with year level. Boys engaged in more MVPA and fewer sedentary behaviors than girls. These results support the effectiveness of the intervention and suggest important implications for health promoting schools.
Keywords: playground play, health, self-made material, acelerometry, recycling.
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