Identificación de la capacidad física y su correlación con el rendimiento de los atletas de tiro con arco de sub-élite de Indonesia (Physical capacity and performance correlation in sub-elite Indonesian archery athletes)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.107017Palabras clave:
Physical capacity, sub-elite athletes, archery, archery performanceResumen
El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los componentes físicos que pueden ayudar al rendimiento adecuado del tiro con arco de los jóvenes atletas indonesios. Esta investigación empleó un diseño descriptivo cuantitativo que involucró a 18 atletas del Centro de Entrenamiento de Tiro con Arco de Java Oriental y Java Occidental como sujetos de investigación. Cada atleta realizó una prueba física que constaba de 9 elementos de prueba física (sentadilla inclinada de 1', Bosy a la derecha, Bosy a la izquierda, MFT, Hover, Superman Back Hold, Pinch Grip, prueba de equilibrio de pie, agarre de tiro con arco de pie), que el entrenador había preparado de acuerdo con las necesidades del tiro con arco. Después de eso, se realizó la evaluación del rendimiento del tiro con arco utilizando el sistema de calificación individual de la división recurva, es decir, los atletas de flecha realizaron 72 tiros de flecha. Luego, los datos se analizaron utilizando pruebas descriptivas, pruebas del método de la silueta y análisis de agrupamiento de K-means para clasificar los componentes físicos y simplificar el proceso de recopilación de datos. Estos procesos aumentaron la precisión de los cambios necesarios en el proceso de entrenamiento para mejorar el rendimiento del atleta. También se realizó una prueba de correlación utilizando el coeficiente rho de Spearman con una significancia p<0,05. Los resultados del estudio revelaron que el método de silueta dividió las variables en seis grupos. Los resultados del análisis de conglomerados de K-means mostraron que los ejercicios se centraron más en los brazos, mientras que los ejercicios de tronco y extremidades inferiores recibieron menos atención. La investigación también encontró dos aspectos físicos que tenían una correlación positiva y significativa con el rendimiento en tiro con arco, a saber, el agarre de pinza izquierdo y el agarre de pinza derecho. Además, esta investigación mostró que los aspectos físicos de la fuerza de agarre de pinza de los arqueros (izquierdo y derecho) estaban estrechamente relacionados con los logros o puntuaciones de rendimiento en tiro con arco.
Palabras clave: Capacidad física, atletas de sub-élite, tiro con arco, rendimiento en tiro con arco.
Abstract. The aim of this research is to analyse the physical components that can support the proper archery performance of young Indonesian athletes. This research employed a quantitative descriptive design involving 18 athletes from the East Java and West Java Archery Training Centre as the research subjects. Each athlete carried out a physical test consisting of 9 physical test items (1' incline sit up, Bosy Right, Bosy Left, MFT, Hover, Superman Back Hold, Pinch Grip, standing balance test, standing archery hold), which the trainer has prepared according to the needs of archery. After that, archery performance assessment was done using the recurve division's individual qualification system, i.e., arrow athletes performed 72 arrow shots. The data were then analysed using descriptive tests, silhouette method tests, and K-means clustering analysis to classify physical components and simplify the data collection process. These processes increased the accuracy of changes needed in the training process to improve athlete performance. A correlation test was also conducted using a Spearman's rho with a significance p<0.05. The study's results revealed that the silhouette method divided the variables into six clusters. The K-means cluster analysis results showed that exercises focused more on the arms, while trunk and lower extremity exercises received less attention. The research also found two physical aspects that had a positive and significant correlation with archery performance, namely, left pinch grip and right pinch grip. In addition, this research showed that the archers’ physical aspects of pinch grip strength (left and right) were closely related to performance achievements or scores in archery.
Keywords: Physical capacity, sub-elite athletes, archery, archery performance.
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