Estudio longitudinal sobre el desarrollo de la velocidad, la potencia explosiva de las piernas, la resistencia aeróbica y la habilidad técnica de jóvenes futbolistas en categorías de talentos y no talentosos: ¿implicaciones para la identificación de talentos? (Longitudinal study on the development of speed, leg explosive power, aerobic endurance, and technical skill of young football players in talented and non-talented categories: implications for talent identification?)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.104615Palabras clave:
longitudinal, speed, explosive power, aerobic endurance, footballResumen
Este estudio longitudinal tuvo como objetivo evaluar el desarrollo y las diferencias en la velocidad, la potencia explosiva de las piernas, la resistencia aeróbica y las habilidades técnicas entre jugadores jóvenes categorizados como talentosos y no talentosos. Un total de 44 jugadores de entre 11 y 14 años, que entrenaban en un club amateur, se clasificaron en grupos de talentos (n = 23) y no talentosos (n = 21). Además, las habilidades físicas y técnicas se midieron a lo largo de 1 año de entrenamiento en 3 intervalos, a saber, T0 (enero), T1 (julio) y T2 (diciembre). Los resultados mostraron que la velocidad, la potencia explosiva de las piernas, la resistencia aeróbica y las habilidades técnicas aumentaron tanto en los jugadores talentosos como en los no talentosos en un 10,23% y 15,18%, 11,27% y 11,07%, 15,88% y 14,85%, así como en un 11,71% y 9,51%, respectivamente. Según las observaciones, los jugadores talentosos mostraron énfasis en el movimiento dinámico, los cambios de dirección y las habilidades técnicas esenciales durante el período de entrenamiento. Por el contrario, los jugadores sin talento priorizaron la velocidad sobre otros componentes en el fútbol.
Palabras clave: longitudinal, velocidad, potencia explosiva, resistencia aeróbica, fútbol
Abstract. This longitudinal study aimed to assess the development and differences in speed, leg explosive power, aerobic endurance, and technical skills among young players categorized as talented and non-talented. A total of 44 players aged 11-14 years, training in an amateur club, were classified into talented (n = 23) and non-talented (n = 21) groups. Furthermore, physical abilities and technical skills were measured over 1 year of training at 3 intervals, namely T0 (January), T1 (July), and T2 (December). The results showed that speed, leg explosive power, aerobic endurance, and technical skills, increased in both talented and non-talented players by 10.23% and 15.18%, 11.27% and 11.07%, 15.88% and 14.85%, as well as 11.71% and 9.51%, respectively. Based on observations, talented players showed emphasis on dynamic movement, changes in direction, and essential technical skills during the training period. Conversely, non-talented players prioritized speed over other components in football.
Keywords: longitudinal, speed, explosive power, aerobic endurance, football
Citas
Abarghoueinejad, M., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Gomes, T. N., Barreira, D., & Maia, J. (2021). Motor Performance in Male Youth Soccer Players: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Sports, 9(4), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9040053
Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I., Lekue, J. A., Amado, M., & Gil, S. M. (2019). Progression in Youth Soccer: Selection and Identification in Youth Soccer Players Aged 13–15 Years. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(9), 2548–2558. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001924
Borges, P. H., Cumming, S., Ronque, E. R. V., Cardoso, F., Avelar, A., Rechenchosky, L., Costa, I. T. da, & Rinaldi, W. (2018). Relationship Between Tactical Performance, Somatic Maturity, and Functional Capabilities in Young Soccer Players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 64(1), 160–169. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0190
Buchheit, M., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2014). Effects of age, maturity and body dimensions on match running per-formance in highly trained under-15 soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(13), 1271–1278. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.884721
Buchheit, M., Simpson, B. M., Peltola, E., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2012). Assessing maximal sprinting speed in highly trained young soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 7(1), 76–78. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.7.1.76
Coledam, D. H. C., Arruda, G. A. de, Dos-Santos, J. W., & Oliveira, A. R. de. (2013). Relação dos saltos vertical, horizontal e sêxtuplo com a agilidade e velocidade em crianças. Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte, 27(1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1807-55092013000100005
Cumming, S. P., Searle, C., Hemsley, J. K., Haswell, F., Edwards, H., Scott, S., Gross, A., Ryan, D., Lewis, J., White, P., Cain, A., Mitchell, S. B., & Malina, R. M. (2018). Biological maturation, relative age and self-regulation in male professional academy soccer players: A test of the underdog hypothesis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 39, 147–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.08.007
Cumming, S. P., Sherar, L. B., Pindus, D. M., Coelho-e-Silva, M. J., Malina, R. M., & Jardine, P. R. (2012). A bi-ocultural model of maturity-associated variance in adolescent physical activity. International Review of Sport and Exer-cise Psychology, 5(1), 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2011.630481
Deprez, D., Fransen, J., Boone, J., Lenoir, M., Philippaerts, R., & Vaeyens, R. (2015). Characteristics of high-level youth soccer players: variation by playing position. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(3), 243–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.934707
Deprez, D. N., Fransen, J., Lenoir, M., Philippaerts, R. M., & Vaeyens, R. (2015). A Retrospective Study on Anthro-pometrical, Physical Fitness, and Motor Coordination Characteristics That Influence Dropout, Contract Status, and First-Team Playing Time in High-Level Soccer Players Aged Eight to Eighteen Years. Journal of Strength and Condi-tioning Research, 29(6), 1692–1704. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000806
Domingues, M. (2013). Growth and Functional Development in 6 to 10 Years Old Soccer Players Constraints and Possibilities. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 1(4), 5–16.
Dragula, L., Lehnert, M., Psotta, R., Gonosová, Z., Valenta, S., & Štastný, P. (2017). The relative force in squat jump is the best laboratory predictor of sprint performance in adolescent soccer players. Human Movement, 18(5), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2017.73622
Farley, J. B., Stein, J., Keogh, J. W. L., Woods, C. T., & Milne, N. (2020). The Relationship Between Physical Fitness Qualities and Sport-Specific Technical Skills in Female, Team-Based Ball Players: A Systematic Review. In Sports Medicine - Open (Vol. 6, Issue 1, pp. 34–47). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-020-00245-y
Ferreira, A., Enes, C., Leao, C., Goncalves, L., Clemente, F. M., Lima, R., Bezerra, P., & Camoes, M. (2019). Rela-tionship between power condition, agility, and speed performance among young roller hockey elite players. Human Movement, 20(1), 24–30. https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2019.79040
Figueiredo, A. J., Coelho E Silva, M. J., Cumming, S. P., & Malina, R. M. (2010). Size and maturity mismatch in youth soccer players 11- to 14-years-old. Pediatric Exercise Science, 22(4), 596–612. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.22.4.596
Ford, P., de Ste Croix, M., Lloyd, R., Meyers, R., Moosavi, M., Oliver, J., Till, K., & Williams, C. (2011). The Long-Term Athlete Development model: Physiological evidence and application. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(4), 389–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.536849
Gouvêa, M. A. De, Cyrino, E. S., Valente-Dos-Santos, J., Ribeiro, A. S., Silva, D. R. P. Da, Ohara, D., Coelho-E-Silva, M. J., & Ronque, E. R. V. (2017). Comparison of Skillful vsLess Skilled Young Soccer Players on Anthro-pometric, Maturation, Physical Fitness and Time of Practice. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(5), 384–395. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-122815
Hendry, D. T., Williams, A. M., & Hodges, N. J. (2018). Coach ratings of skills and their relations to practice, play and successful transitions from youth-elite to adult-professional status in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(17), 2009–2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1432236
HÖner, O., Votteler, A., Schmid, M., Schultz, F., & Roth, K. (2015). Psychometric properties of the motor diagnos-tics in the German football talent identification and development programme. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(2), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.928416
Hosseinikhezri, & Zaxarova. (2018). The Importance of Coaching Techniques in Soccer Players before 14 Years Old. Journal of Physical Fitness, Medicine & Treatment in Sports, 3(3), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.19080/jpfmts.2018.03.555614
Irurtia, A., Torres-Mestre, V. M., Cebrián-Ponce, Á., Carrasco-Marginet, M., Altarriba-Bartés, A., Vives-Usón, M., Cos, F., & Castizo-Olier, J. (2022). Physical Fitness and Performance in Talented & Untalented Young Chinese Soccer Players. Healthcare (Switzerland), 10(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010098
Itoh, R., & Hirose, N. (2020). Relationship Among Biological Maturation, Physical Characteristics, and Motor Abili-ties in Youth Elite Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(2), 382–388. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003346
Jokuschies, N., Gut, V., & Conzelmann, A. (2017). Systematizing coaches’ ‘eye for talent’: Player assessments based on expert coaches’ subjective talent criteria in top-level youth soccer. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 12(5), 565–576. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954117727646
Karahan, M. (2016). Age-related physical performance differences in male soccer players. Anthropologist, 24(3), 724–729. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2016.11892068
Kozieł, S. M., & Malina, R. M. (2018). Modified Maturity Offset Prediction Equations: Validation in Independent Longitudinal Samples of Boys and Girls. Sports Medicine, 48(1), 221–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0750-y
Larkin, P., & O’Connor, D. (2017). Talent identification and recruitment in youth soccer: Recruiter’s perceptions of the key attributes for player recruitment. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175716
le Gall, F., Carling, C., Williams, M., & Reilly, T. (2010). Anthropometric and fitness characteristics of international, professional and amateur male graduate soccer players from an elite youth academy. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(1), 90–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2008.07.004
Leyhr, D., Kelava, A., Raabe, J., & Höner, O. (2018). Longitudinal motor performance development in early adoles-cence and its relationship to adult success: An 8-year prospective study of highly talented soccer players. PLoS ONE, 13(5), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196324
Lloyd, R. S., & Oliver, J. L. (2012). The youth physical development model: A new approach to long-term athletic development. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 34(3), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e31825760ea
Malina, R. M., Ribeiro, B., Aroso, J., & Cumming, S. P. (2007). Characteristics of youth soccer players aged 13-15 years classified by skill level. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(5), 290–295. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.031294
Malina, R. M., Rogol, A. D., Cumming, S. P., Coelho E Silva, M. J., & Figueiredo, A. J. (2015). Biological maturation of youth athletes: Assessment and implications. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(13), 852–859. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094623
Malinam, R., & Cumming, S. P. (2004). A non-invasive method for estimating maturity status. Application to young athletes. Insight. FA Coaches Association Journal, 6(August), 34–37.
Méndez, A., Buchheit, M., & Simpson, B. (2013). Match play intensity distribution in youth soccer. Int J Sport Sci. 2013;34: 101-110.No Title. International Journal of Sport Sciences, 34, 101–110.
Meylan, C., Cronin, J., Oliver, J., & Hughes, M. (2010). Talent identification in soccer: The role of maturity status on physical, physiological and technical characteristics. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 5(4), 571–592. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.5.4.571
Mitchell, S. B., Haase, A. M., Malina, R. M., & Cumming, S. P. (2016). The role of puberty in the making and break-ing of young ballet dancers : Perspectives of dance teachers. Journal of Adolescence, 47, 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.12.007
Peña Gónzalez, I., Sarabia, J. M., & Moya-Ramón, M. (2022). Young soccer players aggrupation for conditioning trainings according to players’ maturation and physical performance: A practical example (Agrupación de jóvenes jugadores de fútbol para los entrenamientos de acondicionamiento de acuerdo a su maduración. Retos, 43, 98–106. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.88580
Perroni, F., Vetrano, M., Rainoldi, A., Guidetti, L., & Baldari, C. (2014). Relationship among explosive power, body fat, fat free mass and pubertal development in youth soccer players: A preliminary study. Sport Sciences for Health, 10(2), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-014-0175-z
Rodríguez-Rosell, D., Franco-Márquez, F., Mora-Custodio, R., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2017). Effect of High-Speed Strength Training on Physical Performance in Young Soccer Players of Different Ages. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(9), 2498–2508. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001706
Roescher, C. R., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Huijgen, B. C. H., & Visscher, C. (2010). Soccer endurance development in professionals. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(3), 174–179. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1243254
Slimani, M., & Nikolaidis, P. T. (2019). Anthropometric and physiological characteristics of male soccer players ac-cording to their competitive level, playing position and age group: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, November 2017, 141–163. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07950-6
Williams, A. M. (2000). Perceptual skill in soccer: Implications for talent identification and development. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(9), 737–750. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410050120113
Zuber, C., Zibung, M., & Conzelmann, A. (2016). Holistic patterns as an instrument for predicting the performance of promising young soccer players - A3-years longitudinal study. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(JUL), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01088
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Retos
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
