Relación entre dieta mediterránea, actividad física e inteligencia emocional en estudiantes universitarios españoles (Relationship between Mediterranean diet, physical activity and emotional intelligence in Spanish undergraduates)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.103799

Palabras clave:

estilo de vida, actividad física moderada-vigorosa, España, análisis clúster, modelo de regresión, (lifestyles), (moderate-vigorous physical activity), (Spain), (cluster analysis), (regression model)

Resumen

Se necesita comprobar los niveles de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea de los estudiantes universitarios españoles. Es necesario profundizar en cuáles son y qué factores los determinan. Esto es útil para diseñar propuestas eficaces de promoción de la dieta en esta población. Los objetivos son: 1) Clasificar a los universitarios españoles de Grados de Educación según sus niveles de dieta mediterránea, actividad física e inteligencia emocional; 2) Analizar la influencia de la actividad física y la inteligencia emocional como determinantes de la dieta mediterránea según los perfiles de estilo de vida. Se diseñó un estudio transversal con la participación de una muestra representativa de estudiantes universitarios de Grados de Educación. La edad de los participantes osciló entre 18 y 43 años (20,84±2,90). Los hombres representaban el 30,2% de la muestra (n=125) y las mujeres el 69,8% (n=289). Se administró un cuestionario en línea que incluía: PREDIMED, IPAQ-SF y TMMS-24. El modelo de regresión obtenido para toda la muestra fue: dieta mediterránea= 2,536+0,001*actividad física+0,029*inteligencia emocional. La clasificación por conglomerados en dos etapas (Ward y k-medias) se validó con la prueba MANOVA (traza de Pillai: F (6, 820) = 159,101; p ≤ 0,001; f = 1,00). Se concluye que la adherencia del 8% de los universitarios a la dieta mediterránea es predicha por la actividad física moderada-vigorosa y la inteligencia emocional. La adherencia a la dieta se relaciona positivamente con la actividad física y la inteligencia emocional.

Palabras clave: estilos de vida; actividad física moderada-vigorosa; España; análisis cluster; modelo de regresión. 

Abstract. Levels of adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Spanish university students need to be verified. It is necessary to go deeper into what these are and what factors determine them. This is useful to design effective diet promotion proposals in this population. The objectives are: 1) To classify Spanish university students of Education Degrees according to their levels of Mediterranean diet, physical activity and emotional intelligence; 2) To analyse the influence of physical activity and emotional intelligence as determinants of Mediterranean diet according to lifestyle profiles. A cross-sectional study was designed with the participation of a representative sample of university students of education degrees. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 43 years (20.84±2.90). Men represented 30.2% of the sample (n=125) and women 69.8% (n=289). An online questionnaire was administered comprising the following: PREDIMED, IPAQ-SF and TMMS-24. The regression model obtained for the whole sample was: Mediterranean diet= 2.536+0.001*physical activity+0.029*emotional intelligence. The two-stage cluster classification (Ward and k-means) was validated with the MANOVA test (Pillai trace: F (6, 820) = 159.101; p ≤ 0.001; f = 1.00). It is concluded that 8% of university students' adherence to the Mediterranean diet is predicted by moderate-vigorous physical activity and emotional intelligence. Adherence to the diet is positively related to physical activity and emotional intelligence.

Keywords: lifestyles; moderate-vigorous physical activity; Spain; cluster analysis; regression model.

Citas

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2024-06-01

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Sanz-Martín, D., Zurita-Ortega, F., Cachón-Zagalaz, J., & Melguizo-Ibáñez, E. (2024). Relación entre dieta mediterránea, actividad física e inteligencia emocional en estudiantes universitarios españoles (Relationship between Mediterranean diet, physical activity and emotional intelligence in Spanish undergraduates). Retos, 55, 307–316. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.103799

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