Estudio de estilos de juego en la primera división de fútbol española antes, durante y después del Covid-19 (Study of playing styles in the spanish first division of football before, during and after covid-19)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.103414Palabras clave:
Análisis Notacional, Estilo de Juego, Árbol de Clasificación, Indicadores de RendimientoResumen
Debido al impacto negativo a nivel mundial en el deporte provocado por el COVID-19. El objetivo fue analizar la influencia de la pandemia en los estilos de juego, medida a través de la interacción de indicadores de juego, para comprobar la existencia del efecto local en tres momentos diferentes en la primera liga profesional española. Para ello se analizaron 5.320 casos (2.660 partidos) desde la temporada 2014/2015 a la 2020/2021 de LaLiga. Todas las temporadas se desarrollaron con normalidad excepto la temporada 2019/2020, que experimentó una pausa de tres meses de inactividad debido a la pandemia. Durante la temporada 2020/2021 los partidos comenzaron sin espectadores o con un número limitado de aficionados para mantener la distancia social permitida. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y árboles de clasificación mediante la técnica CRT para identificar estilos de juego. Los resultados mostraron una simplificación del juego a lo largo de las temporadas. Los equipos visitantes se adaptaron mejor a estilos de juego más efectivos para lograr mejores resultados. Estas diferencias pueden atribuirse a cambios de reglas, la ausencia total/parcial de espectadores, un período de inactividad de tres meses y la acumulación de partidos en un corto período de tiempo. Los equipos deben tener en cuenta las diferentes situaciones analizadas para mostrar un estilo de juego eficaz para lograr sus diferentes objetivos.
Palabras Claves: Análisis Notacional, Estilos de Juego, Árbol de Clasificación, Indicadores de Rendimiento.
Abstract. Due to the worldwide negative impact on sports caused by the COVID-19. The aim was to analyze the influence of the pandemic on playing styles, measured through the interaction of game indicators, to verify the existence of the home advantage effect at three different time points in the Spanish top professional league. To achieve this, 5320 cases (2660 matches) from the 2014/2015 season to 2020/2021of LaLiga were analyzed. All seasons unfolded normally except for the 2019/2020 season, which experienced a three-month hiatus of inactivity due to the pandemic. During the 2020/2021 season, matches began without spectators or with a limited number of fans to maintain the allowed social distance. A descriptive analysis and classification trees using the CRT technique were performed to identify playing styles. The results showed a simplification of the game throughout the seasons. Visiting teams adapted better to more effective playing styles to achieve better results. These differences may be attributed to rule changes, the total/partial absence of spectators, a three-month inactivity period, and the accumulation of matches in a short period of time. Teams should take into account the different situations analyzed in order to display an effective playing style to achieve their different objectives.
Keywords: Notational Analysis; Playing style; Classification tree; Performance indicators.
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