Más allá del control glucémico: beneficios de la actividad física en la calidad de vida de personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2: una revisión narrativa (Beyond glycemic control: benefits of physical activity on the quality of life of people with type 2 dia-betes mellitus: a narrative review)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.101811

Palabras clave:

Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), actividad física, homeostasis orgánica, bienestar psicológico, calidad de vida

Resumen

La Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DM2) es una enfermedad que va más allá de la mera alteración glucémica, impactando profundamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes en dimensiones físicas, psicológicas y sociales. Esta revisión aborda de manera exhaustiva el papel crucial de la actividad física en el manejo integral de la DM2. Mediante una estrategia de búsqueda rigurosa, se identificaron 31 artículos relevantes, excluyendo aquellos que no cumplían con los criterios de inclusión definidos. A través de un análisis detallado, se exploraron las adaptaciones fisiológicas y metabólicas inducidas por el ejercicio, destacando su impacto en la homeostasis orgánica y la prevención de complicaciones. Se identificaron barreras globales para la adopción de la actividad física, desde percepciones culturales hasta limitaciones socioeconómicas. Los resultados hacen hincapié en la actividad física, como una intervención dinámica que engloba múltiples sistemas del organismo, y que trasciende como un componente esencial en el arsenal terapéutico contra la DM2, situándola en paralelo, con las intervenciones tradicionales. En conclusión, se destaca el papel de la actividad como una herramienta esencial que ofrece beneficios multifacéticos que apoyan en la mejora de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con DM2, haciendo un llamado a su promoción como pilar terapéutico.

Palabras clave: Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), actividad física, homeostasis orgánica, bienestar psicológico, calidad de vida

Abstract. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a disease that transcends glycemic alteration, profoundly affecting patients' physical, psychological, and social quality of life. This review comprehensively addresses the crucial role of physical activity in managing T2DM. Using a rigorous search strategy, thirty-seven relevant articles were identified, excluding those that did not meet the defined inclusion criteria. The physiological and metabolic adaptations induced by exercise were explored through a detailed analysis, highlighting their impact on organic homeostasis, and preventing complications. Global barriers to physical activity adoption, from cultural perceptions to socioeconomic constraints. The results emphasize physical activity as a dynamic intervention that encompasses multiple organ systems and transcends as an essential component in the therapeutic arsenal against T2DM, placing it in parallel with traditional interventions. In conclusion, this paper highlights the role of activity as an essential tool that offers multifaceted benefits supporting the improvement of the quality of life of patients with T2DM, calling for its promotion as a therapeutic pillar.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), physical activity, organic homeostasis, psychological well-being, quality of life

 

Citas

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2024-04-01

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Franco Gallegos, L. I., Robles Hernández, G. S. I., Montes Mata, K. J., & Aguirre Chávez, J. F. (2024). Más allá del control glucémico: beneficios de la actividad física en la calidad de vida de personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2: una revisión narrativa (Beyond glycemic control: benefits of physical activity on the quality of life of people with type 2 dia-betes mellitus: a narrative review). Retos, 53, 262–270. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.101811

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