Efectos de 32 semanas de un programa físico con balón sobre las cualidades físicas en niños rusos de entre 9 a 10 años. Estudio cuasiexperimental no aleatorizado (Effects of 32 weeks of a physical program with a ball on physical qualities in Russian children between 9 and 10 years. Non-randomized quasi-experimental study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.101547Palabras clave:
Baloncesto, Sedentarismo, , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico, NiñoResumen
Introducción: Los niños con bajos niveles de actividad física durante la etapa escolar son un problema bastante relevante y difícil de abordar, puesto que las conductas sedentarias presentan una alta prevalencia desde la primera infancia. Objetivos: Analizar los efectos de un programa de ejercicios con balón aplicado durante 32 semanas sobre la condición física general en estudiantes rusos de educación primaria. Métodos. Estudio cuasiexperimental, no aleatorizado. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 60 escolares de 9 a 10 años pertenecientes al colegio número 52 de la ciudad de Kirov (Rusia). Los escolares fueron divididos en un grupo control (n=30) y un grupo experimental (n=30); Ambos grupos realizaron las lecciones de educación física de acuerdo con el plan de estudios de la escuela, sin embargo, el grupo experimental además realizo series de ejercicios físicos con pelotas de baloncesto para el desarrollo de las cualidades físicas. En el estudio experimental se utilizaron las siguientes pruebas de control; Sit and reach, long jump, pull-up, curl abdominal and shuttle running. Resultados: Ambos grupos mejoraron los indicadores de condición física. sin embargo, sólo el grupo experimental mostró cambios significativos en las pruebas Sit and reach (71%; p<0,05), pull-up (87,5%; p<0,05), curl abdominal (29%; p<0,05), shuttle running y long jump (10%; p<0,05). Conclusión: Un programa de ejercicios con balón puede mejorar significativamente la condición física general. No obstante, futuras investigaciones debieran considerar los posibles procesos de interferencia relacionados al desarrollo simultaneo de múltiples cualidades físicas.
Palabras clave: Baloncesto, Sedentarismo, Educación y Entrenamiento Físico, Niño.
Abstract. Background: Children with low levels of physical activity during school years are a very relevant and difficult problem to address, since sedentary behaviors have a high prevalence from early childhood. Objectives: To analyze the effects of a 32-week ball exercise program on general physical condition in Russian primary school students. Methods. Quasi-experimental, non-randomized study. The sample was made up of 60 schoolchildren aged 9 to 10 years belonging to school number 52 in the city of Kirov (Russia). The schoolchildren were divided into a control group (n=30) and an experimental group (n=30); Both groups performed physical education lessons according to the school curriculum, however, the experimental group also performed series of physical exercises with basketballs for the development of physical qualities. The following control tests were used in the experimental study; Sit and reach, long jump, pull-up, abdominal curl and shuttle running. Results: Both groups improved physical condition indicators. However, only the experimental group showed significant changes in the Sit and reach tests (71%; p<0.05), pull-up (87.5%; p<0.05), and abdominal curl tests (29%; p <0.05), shuttle running and long jump (10%; p<0.05). Conclusion: A ball exercise program can significantly improve overall physical fitness. However, future research should consider possible interference processes related to the simultaneous development of multiple physical qualities.
Keywords: Basketball, Sedentary Behavior, Physical Education and Training, Child.
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