Estresse migráfico e bem-estar subjetivo em menores migrantes desacompanhados

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2024.44.11

Palavras-chave:

Menores migrantes desacompanhados, bem-estar subjetivo, estresse do imigrante, sistema de proteção infantil

Resumo

Os migrantes menores desacompanhados (MMNA) representam um grupo que partilha o estatuto de imigrante e menor, estando exposto a múltiplos estressores que dificultam a sua integração no país de acolhimento. Além disso, a sua chegada em vagas gera uma enorme pressão sobre o Sistema de Proteção à Criança, que muitas vezes se vê obrigado a centrar-se na cobertura das necessidades mais básicas, ficando impossibilitado de atender a outras necessidades igualmente importantes. O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer os níveis de bem-estar e estresse migratório sofridos pelo MMNA, bem como os fatores que afetam ambas as variáveis. 44 MMNA completou o Índice de Bem-Estar Pessoal (PWI) e a Escala de Estresse do Imigrante de Barcelona (BISS). Os resultados indicam que os MMNA sofrem stress migratório, sobretudo stress intercultural, e que os seus níveis de bem-estar são inferiores ao resto dos adolescentes. Ambas as variáveis estão intimamente relacionadas, uma vez que altos níveis de estresse estão associados a uma diminuição do bem-estar. Variáveis como a situação familiar, o tempo de permanência, a documentação em ordem e o treinamento se mostram essenciais para melhorar o bem-estar e reduzir o estresse migratório. Esses resultados são interpretados e discutidos em relação a pesquisas anteriores e propostas de intervenção com esse grupo.

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Biografias Autor

Eduardo Acosta, Universidad de La Laguna

Es graduado en Pedagogía y Máster en Intervención y Mediación Familiar, Social y Comunitaria por la Universidad de La Laguna. A nivel laboral ha ejercido como coordinador de centros de atención a jóvenes migrantes no acompañados en la isla de Tenerife, Canarias.

Eduardo Martín, Universidad de La Laguna

Es Profesor Titular de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación en la Universidad de La Laguna. En los últimos 17 años su principal línea de investigación se ha centrado en los jóvenes tutelados y extutelados y en el acogimiento residencial como medida de protección. Ha participado en varios proyectos competitivos y en múltiples contratos de investigación sobre esta temática, siendo IP en varios de ellos.

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Publicado

2024-01-09

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